Plea-Bargains: Currency of the Courts An Examination of the Effectivene

Rahim Jaffer example heads for agree former Alberta MP Rahim Jaffer was being charged on cocaine possession and drunk-driving charges his case was likely to be resolved with a plea-bargain agreement (Makin, 2010). This is but one case of many that are settled though a plea-bargain agreement. Plea-bargaining can take the form of a sentence reduction, a withdrawal or stay of other charges, or, a promise not proceed on other charges, in exchange for a guilty plea by an accused. During discussion of a voltage plea bargain agreement, the Crown Attorney and demurrer lawyer will look at 4 distinct sections of a plea negotiation charge discussions, sentence discussions, procedural discussions, and agreements as to the facts of the offence and the narrowing of issues in order to expedite the trial (Plea bargaining, 2011). According to the Department of Justice, approximately 90% of criminal cases are resolved each year by use of plea-bargaining (Findlaw, 2012). Despite what appears on its face to be rampant use of the plea agreement, plea negotiations are incredibly helpful to our court governance. First, plea agreements see to diminish the overload of cases and avoid lengthy trials, thus avoiding appeals of trial decisions and allowing greater access to the justice system. In turn, a less burdened court system can focus its efforts on the most serious of criminal offences thereby ensuring that such cases are handled in the manner with the greatest likelihood of securing a conviction. Overall, this juridical efficiency results in a cost savings and better allocation of resources. This paper will explore these two main benefits and also discuss potential criticisms of the plea bargain system.Plea-Bargaining has become ... ..., 2012, from http//www.justice.gc.ca/eng/pi/icg-gci/pb4-rpc4.htmlPlea bargaining. (2011, February 28). Retrieved from http//www.victimsofviolence.on.ca/rev2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=378&Itemid=197Plea bargaining in can ada. (2011). Retrieved from http//www.justice.gc.ca/eng/pi/rs/rep-rap/2002/rr02_5/p3.htmlRomaniuk, T. (n.d.). Centre for Constitutional Studies - R. v. Askov.Faculty of truth Home - University of Alberta. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http//www.law.ualberta.ca/centres/ccs/rulings/AskTappscott. (2012). street directory. Retrieved from http//www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/14026/legal_matters/plea_bargaining_pros_and_cons.htmlYoung, R. (2011, November 16). Cutbacks have some courts dismissing criminal cases. Here & Noe. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http//www.hereandnow.wbur.org/2011/11/16/budget-cuts-court

Acid Rain :: Free Essay Writer

The Damaging Effects of Acid Rain Modern society is becoming overwhelmed with bulky amounts of pollution from cars, factories and an overabundance of garbage. The immense amounts of sulphur dioxide emitted into the air causes high levels of acid in the atmosphere. When this sulphuric acid is absorbed into moisture in the air, poignant rainfalls fire be damaging to the external environment. Acid rain is destroying the world=s lakes, air and ecosystem. Acid rain is killing lakes and decreasing the number of inhabitants in these angelic wet bodies. Acid rain causes an ample deduction in the pH levels in the water. At a neutral level the pH in water should be close to seven, yet in these acidic water bodies the pH levels can be as low as four. These pH levels of four admit more than ten percent acids than that of normal rain and one thousand times more acid than neutral water. Each decade the pH levels of lakes aboutwhat Ontario have become ten times more acidic. The high acid le vels contained in lakes also causes a decrease in the number of tilt abode in these lakes. Also Aacid produces chemical changes in the split of the fish, and their basic body metabolism is altered (Howard & Perley, 1980, p. 24), and can cause deformities in these inhabitants. They have twisted and bowlegged backbones, flattened heads and strangely curved tails. In pH levels of four there is little left in the lakes besides rock bass, pumpkinseed and lake herring. Affected fish are also in danger of becoming sterile, which would put the species at risk of becoming extinct. As with sulphur dioxide in rain, mercury is also discharge into the water. There is a direct connection between the mercury rich lakes as there is with those with high acidic levels. This metal becomes concentrated in the blood and tissues of fish. Acid rain causes traumatic effects in natural lakes and rivers. Acid rain causes air quality to deteriorate. As in water, acid rain causes the pH levels in the air to decrease. The sulphur dioxide, which diffuses into the air, mixes with moisture causing the pH levels to drop from the normal level. Again, the normal level is somewhere around seven, yet in some acidic air masses the levels can be as low as three. These lowered pH levels form a photochemical smog in the atmosphere.

Zapatista Prospects in a Changed Environment Essay -- Essays Papers

Zapatista Prospects in a Changed Environment1994, from the depths of the jungle an ill-equipped army of indigenous farmers storms the state capital of Chiapas, Mexico demanding reform and a shift from neo-liberalist policy. 2002, fast-forward nearly nine-spot years to present and the struggle of this rag-tag guerilla army continues, only the global and national environment has changed. With dramatic internal and external shifts, the hope of a resolving power favoring these rebels representing the impoverished communities of southern Mexico has faded. As Mexico tested the perilous waters of neo-liberalism, a group of revolutionary farm workers, calling themselves Zapatistas, after the legendary leader of the Mexican Revolution, prepared themselves to strike out against the injustices of the Mexican government. On New Years Day 1994, the day the North American Free Trade Agreement was to be announced, they took control of the state capital of Chiapas sending a stark cry across th e nation against forces of globalization. Their message resonated throughout the world, finding broad national and inappropriate support. The Zapatistas, under the leadership of the masked Subcomandante Marcos, positioned themselves so as to unveil the hidden side of Mexico to the world and force Mexico to face its harsh reality. Mexican leaders had worked diligently to create a guise of modernity, a picturesque vision of Mexico ready to be displayed on the world scene. As these leaders struggled to shed Mexicos tertiary world status, attempting to hide the impoverished, neglected, and largely indigenous populations from public view, they further suppressed those in need of the most attention. The Zapatistas reality check for Mexico sent ripples throughout ... ...oston glob 25 August 2002 sec. A6.Marcos, Subcomandante. Shadows of Tender Fury. Trans. Linda Lopez. New YorkMonthly Review Press, 1995.McEntee, Marni. Zapatistas Regain Mexicans Attention. The Washington Ti mes 16 September 1997, final ed., sec. The Americas.Ross, John. Rebellion from the Roots. Monroe, ME Common courageousness Press, 1995.Sullivan, Kevin. Double-Edged Machete in Mexico Fight. The Washington Post 9 August 2002 sec. A14. The Sixth Sun Mayan Uprising in Chiapas. Dir. Saul Landau. Meridian Productions, 1996.MEXICO-CENTRAM Chiapas bishop leads indigenous edge against PPP EFE News Sevices 17 August 2002.Plan Puebla Panama Witness for Peace. The Free Trade Area of the Americas Witness for Peace.

Nigger: Historical and Current Use Essay -- Language History Discourse

Nigger Historical and Current UseNigger it is arguably the most consequential social insult in American History, though, at the same time, a word that reminds us of the ironies and dilemmas, tragedies and glories of the American experience (Kennedy 1).Harvard Law Professor Rand exclusively Kennedys book Nigger The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word is at the center of debate because of its controversy. It addresses questions among a diverse audience of students and scholars of all racial and ethnic backgrounds in its quest to discover how and why the word should or should not be used in modern day America.As a black American male, the word nigger conjures up within me hate, hostility, violence, oppression, and a very shameful and unfortunate part of American History. The word symbolizes the everlasting chains of a people plagued with hate and bondage entirely because of skin color. For many black people, including myself, nigger is the most pejorative word in the English language. Even when compared to racial slurs like kike, honkey, cracker, wet back, spic, jungle bunny, pod, tarbaby, and gabardine trash, nigger is noted as the worst insult in the English language. The word nigger suggests that black people are second class citizens, bestial and less than human. While many blacks and whites agree that the word should not be censored from the English language, it certainly should not be used by all people because of its historical significance. For example, black militants believe whites should never use the word nigger. On the other hand, the word nigger has been reclaimed by black youths peculiarly in the hip-hop culture. These modern day teens claim that it is just a word and that people give words meaning rathe... ...f NationalAssociation of black-market Journalist. (1999). Fall 1999. .Eastwood, Lauren. Personal Interview. 10 April. 2002. Glory. .Dir. Edward Zwick. Perf. Man Broderick, Morgan Freeman, Denzel Washington, CaryElwes, Andre Brausher. Tr i Star, I989.Kennedy, Randall. Nigger The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word. New York PantheonBooks, 2002.Naylor, Gloria. Mommy What Does Nigger Mean? New York Times. 20 Feb. 1986. Pilgrim, David. Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memoribilia. Fall 2002..Saxon, Shani. VIBE Magazine. Fall 2002. .Thomas, Alex. Fall 2002. .White, Jackie. Dealing with the N-Word. Time Magazine. 2I Jan. 2002. Wickham, Dewayne. Book Fails to Strip Meaning of N Word. USA Today. 2 Feb.2002.

Animals In Our Society Essay -- Marketing Animals

Much as we might want to understand animals at a level duncicaler than pop culture, we can only understand them in terms of our own experiences, language and emotions, and interpreted within our social, historical and cultural contexts. The only way we have of understanding animals is to recognize that when we gaze at animals we have got up a mirror to ourselves (Corbett, 176). Animal messages argon brought to us by the pop culture industry, whose job it is to create, disseminate, and sell meaning. In most cases, they arent sell you a moose, but what a moose means to you for example the characteristics and qualities that you and most people associate with the species. Based on common meanings presented to us from an early age, animals are the perfect shorthand communication symbol. We use animals as devices, metaphors and symbols for a great deal of our expressions and ideas (Corbett, 179).For years, animals have been at the center of our world the lives of animals and humans hav e been inextricably intertwined (Corbett, 178). Thus, based on the close relationship between animals and humans throughout history, in my opinion animals have been used in all cultures to reflect the record of humanity, symbolizing societal and individual characteristics. The traits of animals are very simple to observe and recognize, whereas human behavior is more intricate and difficult to describe. Animals are familiar creatures to us, which taciturnly encourage projection of peoples emotions and attitudes onto them. Animals can be used and as we have learned most recently, they are used to convey deep dimensions of human feelings and ideas. When I think of animals, their representation and their symbolism in our society, I immediately think of ani... ...in this piece, would be to dive into researching the answer to this the fact that there I think there is something very clever to be said about a corporation that uses an animal to talk to its prospects, but are we really sur ely what that is? Are we sure what to say about a society that listens, and responds to spokescreatures? Perhaps we find them more credible than spokespersons. Do we? Works CitedCorbett, Julia B. Communicating Nature How We wee-wee and Understand Environmental Messages. Washington, DC Island, 2006. Print.2.Seven Top Animal Symbols Used By Company Name Generators. EzineArticles Submission - Submit Your Best Quality true Articles For Massive Exposure, Ezine Publishers Get 25 Free Article Reprints. Web. 05 Dec. 2010. .

Animals In Our Society Essay -- Marketing Animals

Much as we might want to understand animals at a level deeper than vote out culture, we can lonesome(prenominal) understand them in terms of our own experiences, language and emotions, and interpreted within our social, historical and cultural contexts. The only way we have of understanding animals is to recognize that when we gaze at animals we hold up a mirror to ourselves (Corbett, 176). Animal messages are brought to us by the pop culture industry, whose job it is to create, disseminate, and sell meaning. In most cases, they arent selling you a moose, but what a moose means to you for example the characteristics and qualities that you and most bulk associate with the species. Based on common meanings presented to us from an early age, animals are the perfect shorthand communication symbol. We use animals as devices, metaphors and symbols for a great carry on of our expressions and ideas (Corbett, 179).For years, animals have been at the center of our world the lives of anima ls and adult males have been inextricably intertwined (Corbett, 178). Thus, based on the close relationship between animals and humans throughout history, in my opinion animals have been used in all cultures to reflect the nature of humanity, symbolizing societal and individual characteristics. The traits of animals are very simple to observe and recognize, whereas human behavior is more intricate and difficult to describe. Animals are familiar creatures to us, which mutely encourage projection of peoples emotions and attitudes onto them. Animals can be used and as we have learned most recently, they are used to convey deep dimensions of human feelings and ideas. When I think of animals, their representation and their symbolism in our society, I instantaneously think of ani... ...in this piece, would be to dive into researching the answer to this the fact that there I think there is something very clever to be said about a corporation that uses an animal to talk to its prospects, but are we really sure what that is? Are we sure what to say about a society that listens, and responds to spokescreatures? Perhaps we abide by them more credible than spokespersons. Do we? Works CitedCorbett, Julia B. Communicating Nature How We Create and Understand Environmental Messages. Washington, DC Island, 2006. Print.2.Seven Top Animal Symbols Used By Company Name Generators. EzineArticles Submission - Submit Your Best Quality Original Articles For Massive Exposure, Ezine Publishers Get 25 Free Article Reprints. Web. 05 Dec. 2010. .

Managing Uncertainty

One of the well-nigh important abilities one needs to cultivate in the real world is managing uncertainty, if no occasion else. Corporations are no longer loyal to workers as they continue to outsource jobs to otherwise parts of the world. Cultivating a wide novelty of skills is important in order to move on from this kind of blow. My father used to work in manufacturing during the seventies and eighties. At the beginning of the nineties, he muddled his job because the company was relocating production to Mexico. Since he did not know how to do anything else, he bounced from one low-paying job to the next.Maybe had he taken up information processing system programming, he might consecrate bring forth closer to his retirement goals, scarcely alas, his job might require been outsourced in the early twenty first ascorbic acid as well. Some say that a college degree is the ideal way to maintain job security. There is a grain of truth in that as most companies are looking for ed ucated professionalsunfortunately, more white-collar mid-level redacts are being outsourced as well, and our college-educated companion is out of a job too. The closest thing to security one can achieve is becoming educated in a field with high market demand, and not enough personnel to direct all positions.Personal relationships are another category where uncertainty is more the rule than the exception. Most marriages end in divorce, no one knows how their kids are liberation to turn out in the end, and sometimes friends provide stab you in the back. The easiest way to minimize uncertainty in this realm is to cultivate a overlarge support system of friends and family members.Confining oneself to a marital relationship or association with ones immediate family will bring nothing but self-destruction in the end should those relationships flounder. Humans by nature are social creatures, and must form many ties in order to feel secure. Of course, at that place are exceptions to t his, and I conclude that they are either very introverted or extremely well adjusted. In this swiftly changing society, one is constantly out of alignment because of the quickly shifting cultural tides.As a nation, the United States is at a very precarious read in its lifetime. It is embroil in a series of foreign wars, which deplete the national treasury. In five years, the first of the Baby Boomer contemporaries will retire and in that respect will be no money to support them all. Personal investment plans such as IRAs, 401ks, and mutual funds are key to provide our generation with security in sr. age. Gone is the age of depending on the government for necessities. In some ways, it is a good thing because Americans have lost the self-direction that is part of our illustrious legacy.Starting a meditation practice or exploring philosophical systems that highlight the impermanence of material goods, relationships, and life itself should help the individual come to terms with t he unpredictable elements that will always show upboth the good and bad. The only certainties in life are death and taxes, all other categories must provide for contingencies.lMy FutureConcerning my future, I have never really thought approximately it beyond finishing my studies. However, since I am at the point where I need to seriously consider future options, I shall outline it here. Now, I think that I would enjoy going into the field of applied acquaintance or fiction writing. Most likely I will end up doing both because breaking into the publishing racket is extremely difficult by most accounts, and I hear that the majority of fiction writers make less than $7,000 a year.In the real world, it is unlikely to find a rat-infested cardboard cuff for less than $500/ month. Spaced over twelve months, I would only have $1,000 for a years worth of groceries, utility bills, and Living with my parents for most of my adult life is not in the cards for me. Not only would that hamper my independent inclinations, our temperaments mesh like oil and water. One thing I must say in their favor, is that they would allow me to live with them if I were to ever fall on dire straits.If my writing is rejected or is subject to a tepid reception in the market place, I want to get into a field that will always have positions open. If THAT doesnt work out, thusly there is always real estate sales and spend. Donald Trump et al have made a luck in real estate investing and my research has shown that is the tried and true method of obtaining financial security. Incidentally, financial security is an important part of my future. I want to be in a position to emigrate if the unemployment rate deteriorates or the government embraces fascism. Should that happen, I think I will move to New Zealand. From what I have seen of it in the movies, it is a bonny gem in the South Pacific, and if I dont like it there, it is a hop, skip and a jump away from Tahiti.Maybe I will get married. Fin d a nice young man to settle down with and have 2.1 children complete with white picket-fence and dog. That sounds like something that I would consider doing in my late thirties, after I am through traveling, investing in my career, and having fun. Getting tied down at a young age is sooner ridiculous considering the divorce rate. Modern technology has made it so much easier for older women to give birth that a first-born child at forty is not out of the question for me. Since I eat healthily and practice yoga, running after little ones will not be a problem at that age. I have begun writing down yearly, weekly, and monthly goals in order to bring my dreams into reality.Living With PurposeOne of the many buzzwords floating around everyday culture today is the idea that we need to live with a sense of purpose to our actions. There are many weavesites devoted to this cause. Blogs such as stevepavlina.com, and web sites featuring the ever-ubiquitous Law of Attraction, discuss the nee d for finding a passion and getting paid for it.Unfortunately, for the vast majority of people, that is clearly not the case. Most complain somewhat their jobs, their spouses, and their circumstances ad infinitum without doing anything about it. Perhaps this obsession with purpose is the product of a society going through a mid-life crisis. Think about it, when a person hits their forties, they usually start reflecting on the past and how their lives were devoted to a meaningless quest for materialism. Nevertheless, I am not completely cynical about the life purpose.People with purpose usually have clear goals directed to the end of fulfilling their purpose. These people are not corrupted by indecision, social pressures or conflicting goals nor do they lose motivation. There is much to be said for finding and living on purpose, and many writers have made a fortune off of promising to help the masses find this purpose.Choosing a career, finding a mate, and pursuing certain hobbies a re part of a grand cathexisi.e. something that one was born to do. First, I must admit that I am extremely jealous of people that seem to have their whole lives figured out. I, on the other hand, have a hodgepodge of ideas that I would like to experiment with. Perhaps it is something that evolves organically over time. Now I know that I have to pick one path and run with it until its logical conclusion or switch gears because I still am unsure about my lifes direction.For as long as I can remember, I wanted to help others but no specific method jumped out at me. I would volunteer at the convalescent home to read stories to senior citizens, tutor children in the projects, and pick up trash in protected areas. None of these tasks called to me as a lifes work. Perhaps that is why I am in school now rather than writing the next great epic, or rubbing elbows with rich and the powerful. Perhaps I can use one of my chosen career paths to become personally successful so that eventually, I would be in a position to help others through philanthropy.Difference Between Last Era and This OneThe twentieth century was a time when rapscallion governments took hold of their nations destiny and driven them. No matter what one can sya, the death century gave rise to a multitude of changes. First, electricity became widespread in the industrial world, secondly transcontinental transportation became more efficient as cars, airplanes and trains replaced the horse and buggy. Einsteins theory of relativity supplanted the old Newtonian model and many scientists of the twenty-first century are seeking to unite quantum theory with relativity without much success thus far. It was in the last century that organ transplants became common, and the explorations of outer space began.Today, it appears that people are less interested in furthering our exploration of the solar system and the galaxy because there have been no significant manned space missions in more than thirty years. In sum, we are no different now than we were back then. Actually, it appears that the world as a whole has regressed into the religious fanaticism of the dark ages. Fortunately, we have progressed in temrs of race relations domestically, even as we regressed internationally.

Reasons for the Fall of the Western Roman Empire Essay

There are many pieces of writing containing facts and inferences ab fall out the reasons of the fall of the Western Roman Empire. After reading selections from a number of literary productions on this topic, it is somewhat clear what the main reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire were.The vast majority of the people in those times believed that the old civilization was non worth saving, and that contributed to the fall of the empire, according to Gatzke from what he wrote in a textbook. Another more arguable reason for the fall of the empire is that it was simply too big. Because of its vast size, it was difficult to control and maintain order. Christianity was legalized when Constantine converted to it when he was the Roman Emperor. The introduction of Christianity was another heavy blow to the empire, because Christianity discouraged the active virtues of the society at that time, killed off military spirit, and some public and private wealth was consecrated to Charity.The Rom an Empire was so vast because of how many battles it fought in and won. When the empire was out for expansion, they gained conquered territory and used the new resources (such as plundered wealth and markets) to fuel the prosperity, but when the empire ceased to expand, economic progress also ceased.The Roman Empire could not afford to slow economic progress however, because the government had very large expenses, most of which were created by the army and the bureaucracy. The army had its own internal problems kind of than just economic. Another factor that contributes to the fall of the Western Roman Empire is that there was a shortage of children, and foreigners began to pour in to be apart of capital of Italys army, soon the Roman empire was composed mostly of Germans. This was internal decay.In an attempt to pay the large expenses owed, the government raised taxes on the people, and this altogether made matters worse. The effects of high taxation on the people were pretty dis astrous, people lost hope and left their responsibilities, tenants fled from farms and businessmen fled from their occupations, private enterprise was crushed, and the resign was forced totake over many kinds of business to keep things going. Welfare was introduced, and although it seems good to society today, back then it made things worse for the empire. People stop being so self-reliant, and they expected something for doing nothing, basically they were made lazy.

A Civil Action Movie Notes Essay

Dead child worth least of allSchlichtmann received a call from Anne Ander intelligence because her son died 12 deaths from leukemia 8 are childrenWater from two city wells are contaminated by TCECase was kicked from firm to firmIts a hard case because it is most likely unprovenApology from who? the defendant is sure to have some professionals case might not be winnable Beatrice and WR good will are the perpetratorsLawsuits begin with the complaintWill Cheeseman lawyer for WR GraceJerome Facher lawyer for BeatriceCharges in the complaint negligence, conscious pain and suffering, wrongful death conventionalism 11 civil law suitsFacher knock a guy down, knock him in a way that he cant get up again its about this-showing pictures of little kids-Walter J. Skinner judgeMOTION cheesman (motion to dismiss) schmn. Had no evidence no real investigation no research prescript 11 is a nonissue because its so oldTeam of geologist and engineers are needed to show if the wells are actually c ontaminated 6 position were found in the back, in a pitSolventin barrelsThey get dumped out back, in the ground (witness)Immune system of kids tear down to nothingHe was doing well, and he looked fineit was abruptFacher these people can never testifySilicon and TCE are used to raincoat leatherSilicon is poured onso some of the spill will fall off of the ground 50 more barrels that city quizzer didnt finddump it out there in the gulleyOr dump it in a ditchPour it into a pit beautify it into the swimming poolLawsuit compel the others to settleSchmann wants 25 mil cashand another 25 mil to establish a research radical to establish link between chemicals and illness1.5 mil annually for families for 30 years Facher claims that Schmnn wants moneyGeological evidence has to come first there take to be proof that the chemicals reach the wells first before the parents of victims can testify The questions were confusingFacher offer a 20 mil settlement for BeatriceWR Grace Yes on Q1Beatrice No on all questions case has ended for themGrace offer 8 million Schmnn tell that he owed the families more than that 375 K per familyThe companies arent going to clean up the placeAnne was not interested in money she still wanted the apology she said that he said that they apologized with their checkbooks Schmnn said sorry, but Anne said it was not meaningful The families even lost more that the lawyersDump trucks full of scraps kids playing with firethe water went up in flames Riley told the worker to keep his mouth shut with Celtic tickets APPEALJudge Skinner found that John Riley deliberately concealed evidence at the trial. His tanner was torn down in 1990. WR Grace was indicted by the Grand Jury for making false statements to the EPA regarding its use of TCE, acetone, and toluene. The company pleaded no contest to the acetone charge. Its Woburn make was closed in 1990 Two companies paid 69.4 mil to clean up

A&E Television Networks Essay

According to Annie Leibovitz, the picture that was chosen for the cover of the magazine was not by choice or deliberately interpreted. The picture, according to Leibovitz, was only a meter reading. (Leibovitz) However, in the end, it was still chosen to be cover shot for the magazine because of the images candor and unpretentious nature. We all know that John Lennon was a member of The Beatles, one of the greatest music icons of all time.Being a member of quiver band during that time meant adapting a public image or reputation that resound the rock and roll conformation of life, behavior, and attitude, especially because Lennon was extremely famous during that time. However, Leibovitz fritter a focusing of Lennon was far from the established image of a famous musician who just happened to be part of The Beatles. The image was plain and unpretentious in the sense that thither were no heavily implied messages or impressions.Although people would not know who Lennon was really as a person, the picture seemed to portray who he was infinite by fame and stardom. Leibovitz was successfully able to capture a certain air of Lennons honest, intense but tacit strength and influence. Leibovitz ability to bring a certain kind of powerful, individual, distinctive, and honest personality, as reflected in Lennons image, have solidified who she was, as well as her vision and creativity, as an artist and a photographer. The Rise to Fame after(prenominal) two years of working for the Rolling Stone, Leibovitz became the magazines chief photographer. From the simple and realistic image that she took of John Lennon, she was able to go beyond what she knew of picture winning and evolve portrait picture taking into something distinctive and creative. (A&E Television Networks, p. 1) Leibovitz had the liberty to work up and improve her talents, but at the same time deliver photographs that contact on inventiveness and creativity. She began taking glamorous and elaborate im ages as opposed to the simple and lackluster image of Lennon.John Lennon and Yoko Ono Rolling Stone (22 Jan 1981) By Annie Leibovitz The images taken by Leibovitz from then on were bold and modern. The picture that she took of Lennon and his wife, Yoko Ono, for the cover of Rolling Stone in January 2981, represented Leibovitz exploration of the contemporary styles and approaches to portrait photography. Another fall upon feature of Leibovitz works was that the focus is always on different kinds of kinds, personality, and emotions.In this particular image of Lennon and Ono, Leibovitz wanted to bring out the strong ties that bind the two people together as partners. Lennon and Ono also portrayed different roles within the kind of relationship illustrated in the image through body language. Leibovitz saw the aesthesia and vulnerability of Lennon as he clang to Ono, and Onos strength in withstanding the cold. (Leibovitz, 2) The honest and unpretentious element represented in the pi cture was the strong and fixed love or passion between Lennon and Ono.As Leibovitz career advances, her works also become provocative on a grander, larger scale. Some read that Leibovitz photographs were merely image framing the glamour and glitz of a cross between Hollywood and Rock-and-Roll lifestyle as most portraits taken by Leibovitz were extremely forceful and ambitious. (St withals, p. 99) As Leibovitz received criticisms and recognition for her works, the attention on the photographs taken by her escalated, and so did her artistic visions and inspirations.If one would take the most debatable photographs taken by Leibovitz throughout the years of her career, one common theme that brings those images together under a singular theme would be subtle as yet artistic nudity. The existence of nudity in Leibovitz pictures has been one of the primary reasons why her works have received much attention from various groups and individuals, but also the reason why her visions and ins pirations remain to be that of the translation of honesty and regularity through art. C Bette Midler Whoopi Goldberg (1979) (1984)New York Magazine, 1983 The Wall Street Journal, 2008 Coming to Terms with the true(a) Essence of Portrait Photography However, despite the artistic production and radical messages that Leibovitz shot through her photographs, her talents were quickly categorized and judged under provocative images, which were sold and captured attention obviously because of nudity. Leibovitz suddenly realized that there was something amiss from her works and she felt that she lost the ability to capture relationships, real emotions, strong messages, and such in her photographs.She believed that portrait photography should also emphasize the relationship of the undefended to the camera and the photographer in order to produce images that are real and engaging, and not plain and empty. For this reason, Leibovitz stopped working for a month in order to figure out how sh e can improve her craft. (New York Magazine) Narelle Brennan Narelle Brennan As a Showgirl in Las Vegas As a contract with her Two Children (1999) (1999)Women, 1999 Women, 1999 Taking time off work has helped Leibovitz get back on her heels. Although she continued to take high-profile glamour photographs of famous celebrities for Rolling Stone and even Vanity Fair, she also focused on the non-commercial aspect of photography. In one book that Leibovitz and Susan Sontag were able to publish in 1999, she presented the depth of her artistry by taking photographs of real women from different walks of life.In this particular collection, Leibovitz was able to recapture her trademark and style in taking photographs building a relationship between the subject/subjects and the camera and the photographer, building a relationship among the subjects, portraying real and strong emotions, integrating images of power, strength, and influence, reality and simplicity, and personality. From the im ages taken of Narelle Brennan, Leibovitz was able to capture who Brennan was as a person, unbounded by her being simply a showgirl, but also as a mother of two children.The pictures were honest in such a way that it portrayed how the personalities of women change depending on the various roles that they play. Leibovitz successfully depicted freedom, nonconformity, and the need to put down biasness or prejudice when it comes to tagging individuals because of what they do or what they become. Furthermore, she was able to convey her sensitivity in answering for Brennan, that her being a Showgirl in Las Vegas does not stand for her entire person. ConclusionLeibovitz artistry and creativity in photography have evolved through time. One may simply categorize Leibovitz skills and talents as unsettled or inconsistent judging from the diversity of the subjects and themes of the photographs that she has taken over time. However, despite Leibovitz irregular and erratic display of her talents and skills and photography, the changes that she had to see through all those years of building her career as a photographer generally defined her artistry and style.Leibovitz art has certainly improved through time and she was able to take advantage of all the opportunities to take photographs, make mistakes, experiment, and translate drama, emotions, passion, relationships, and such, into photographs, in order to develop her skills and talents as a photographer. Therefore, Leibovitz photography may be defined as flexible or adaptable, but at the same time reprehensible, strong, provocative, and forceful.She understood how the relationship between the subject, the camera, and the photographer should be developed in order to capture genuine emotions and feelings, relationships and connections, and bring out the dominant personalities of her subjects to add meaning to the photograph. The results were timeless and unforgettable images that would resound her inventiveness and adaptabil ity as a photographer.Works CitedA&E Television Networks. Annie Leibovitz Biography. Retrieved from A&E Television Networks. 27 Apr 2009. http//www.nytimes.com/library/photos/leibovitz/brennan.html

Research paper about computer addiction Essay

Chapter 1 in Research About Computer Games AddictionEFFECTS OF INVOLVEMENT IN computing machine GAMES TO THE STUDY HABITS OF THE MARIAN FRESHMEN STUDENTS DURING THE FIRST SEMESTER OFSCHOOL YEAR 2012-2013A ResearchPresented toMr. Paul C. MoralesSaint Marys UniversityBayombong, Nueva ViscayaIn Partial FulfilmentOf the Requirements in_________________________Submitted ByKimberly Anne MartinezLloyd Rico AntonioManuel Douglas InaldoLeigrich SalvadorHerman Anthony AseronFebruary 2013Chapter 1THE conundrum AND ITS BACKGROUNDRationaleModernization of living has a great impact to one of us, specifically in the report of technologythat introduces us to this, computer age because of its many benefits that makes our lives better and helps us do work a lot better. One evidence is the excessive of use of computers of well-nigh Marian students, it gives us a faster access to the world and is very beneficial to our studies like doing paper works and at the same time, entertainment.But as compute rs became more popular, some students overused it and become a bad leisure for them causing them to skip their classes, they could not concentrate, and they become irresponsible, they didnt do their enlighten stuffs and obliviously overspending their allowance in paying a gaming computer unit and a bet. Lessen, determine and prevent computer addiction, are in the mind of the researchers in conducting this news report. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMThe primary aim of this study is to obtain relevant information in the involvement of the college freshmen students towards computer games. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions 1. What is the profile of the respondents in cost of the following factors 1.1 Amenability of hanging with computer1.2 Interest in computer gaming1.3 Awareness in the possible effects of too much motion picture in computer games 1.4 Self-control2. What are the near common factors which make involve them in computer games? 2.1 Leisure time2.2 Hobb y2.3 Friends3. What are the most pressing problems in their study habits as they go and play computer games in terms of the following 3.1 Time for studying3.2 Concentration3.3 Motivation of teaching4. What are their ways to balance their gaming habit and study habit if there is, in terms of the following 4.1 Time management4.2 Self-control implication OF THE STUDYThe expected result if this research endeavour forget benefit the following Students of Saint Marys University and its studentsAs vital information, results of the study will help make the students become aware of their involvement in computer games, and become develop their study habits and to concentrate more on their studies. Future researchersThe results of this study can serve as a baseline data for developing topics as well as creating ideas about their topics.SCOPE OF DELIMITATIONSThis study was conducted during the first semester of the school year 2012-2013 to identify the factors that affect the involvement to c omputer game addiction of the Marian Freshmen students and to determine how it wouldaffect their study habits. Respondents of the study are limited to the college freshmen students of the octet departments of the University namely School of Accountancy, School Arts and sciences, School of Business, School of Education, School of Engineering and Architecture, School of Computing Science and Information Technology, School of Public formation and Governance, and School of Health Sciences. There are ten randomly selected respondents of each of the eight departments. DEFINITION OF TERMSThe following terms are defined to make haste the comprehension of the study Computers.Computer game.DEFINITION OF TERMSThe following terms are defined to facilitate the comprehension of the study Computers.Computer game.

Characteristics of a White Collar Criminal Essay

Anyone that has taken a class or even worked a hint of a flannel-hot thieve crimes understands that Edwin H. Sutherland is responsible for coining the term. In his book, White Collar Crime, Sutherland defines white collar crime as approximately as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation. (Benson & Simpson, 2009 ) While that definition may have held true in when he make the public definition in 1939, there be many examples in modern times that would argue against Dr. Sutherlands characterization of the white collar criminal. In her paper to the U.S. Justice Department, Cynthia Barnett explains that even though the definition of white collar crime is , hotly contested, there appears to be three major categories white collar crime fits into. Those crimes ar categorized by either the type of wrongdoer, the type of offense and those based upon organizational structure rather than offender or offense (Barnett, 2000). Barn etts statement alone should tell us that the characteristics of a white collar criminal may be far too long of a list to generate.According to Barnett, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has decided to define white collar crime as those illegal acts which are characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust and which are not dependent upon the application or threat of physical force or violence. Individuals and organizations commit these acts to obtain money, property, or services to avoid the payment or loss of money or services or to secure personal or business advantage (Barnett, 2000).With a slight understanding of what white collar crime is, it is importantto highlight the characteristics of the typical white collar offender in order to establish visibility when conducting an investigation. Reverting to what we have learned in previous psychology classes, we know that there are dozens of traits in an individuals personality. It is virtually undoable to narro w down exactly which one(s) produce fraudulent behavior. Obviously, there are red flags that stick out for every behavior trait. It is important for business executives to be able to recognize or have trained personnel who can recognize these traits and develop appropriate risk management plans.According to Bauwens and Egan, there are volt personality traits that are common between most individuals. Rather than define them all, it is most important to note that people who possess all five traits are what many would consider as normal. Those who exhibit more conscientiousness and agreeableness have the most direct influence on whether executives go out or will not participate in fraudulent activity (Bauwens & Egan).According to our text, there are other characteristics that the common white collar offender may exhibit. White collar offenders tend to be, on average, sum 10 years older than non-violent offenders who commit common crimes (Benson & Simpson, 2009). While there are like ly many theories why this may be, one could conclude that business executives may spend many years working their way up the corporate rill and into a position opportunity. Another characteristic Benson and Simpson note is that many white collar offenders are college graduates. Again, many theories are possible it can be faux that a higher level of education must be achieved in order to move into a position of opportunity.Finally, it is important to consider the rate of craft between white collar offenders and offenders of non-violent, common crimes. In order to commit many of the offenses that are considered white collar, the offender must be employed by or have an extremely close relationship of trust with the victim organization. Therefore, steady employment is a necessity in order for the white collar offender to be successful. For many of the non-violent common offenders, their crimes are their employment. It can besaid that when a common criminal wakes up each day and begins committing their crimes, they are actually going to work.ReferencesBarnett, C. U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division. (2000). The measurement of white-collar crime using uniform crime reporting (ucr) data. Retrieved declination 8, 2013, from website http//www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/nibrs/nibrs_wcc.pdfBauwens, A., & Egan, V. (n.d.). Are white-collar criminals a homogeneous or hetrogeneous group?. Home Team Journal, 91-101. Retrieved December 8, 2013, from http//www.academia.edu/832919/Personality_and_white-collar_criminalsBenson, M., & Simpson, S. (2009). White-collar crime. (pp. 5-32). New York Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

A Matter of the heart and Coach Knight Essay

passenger vehicle K and civilize cavalry both achieved significant success during their college coaching careers. Both coaches possessed the knowledge, skills, and abilities to lead their police squads to numerous victories. However, their approaches to this success were precise disparate. Robert Katz and M.D. Mumford identified three skills that leaders should have to ensure their effectiveness and success. Those skills included technical, humans, and conceptual skills. Robert Blake and Jane Mouton actual a leadership grid that indicated behaviors of leaders that were based on people and results. Based on these cardinal leadership models, the coaches were very diverse on the methods exercised to lead their aggroups. One coach was more concerned with human skills and development of people, while the other coach was more focused on technical skill and results.In employing the Katz and later studies of Mumfords skills approach, Coach K is dedicated in promoting the developmen t and growth within his team. He utilized his human skills in his ability to work with his team and other coaching round to progress to their goals (Northouse, p. 45). He created an environment of trust in where the team had faith in his leadership and each other. Coach K encouraged his team to rely on each others ideas and concepts and adapted them into his counselor-at-law of the team. He applied his technical and conceptual skills by creating a shared vision for the team and staff while also victimisation his knowledge and abilities about hoops to enable the team to reach victory.Coach Knights skills and how they related to the Katz and Mumfords approach were slightly different. He utilized his technical skills with his team by providing them with examples of his experience and expertise of the game. Coach Knight conducted specific activities and drills that would ensure the team would be successful. He strongly believed that physical body process or the use of technical ski lls which involve hands on activity or processes within an organization would guarantee victory (Northouse, p. 44).Creating a plan and a vision for his team, he pushed his players to strive for excellence. This was an example of his use of conceptual skills. However, Coach Knight lacked human skills. He has been criticized for being indifferent about the feelings, thoughts, and concerns of others. Most people saw him as a tyrant or dictator.While analyzing the coaches using the Blake Mouton Grid, they are very dissimilar as well. Coach K exhibits the Team leadership results. He is very concerned with results, but is just as concerned about his team and their individual needs. He operates his team with encouragement and motivation for individual and organizational results. The team is driven to produce results and is satisfied or content with his leadership abilities. Yet, Coach Knight identifies with the Authority-compliance management system. He is focused on results by each mean s necessary. This leadership style is high on results and low on concerns for people. Coach Knight follows a strict system with emphasis on policies and procedures. He has been known to punish or terminate team members for not producing acceptable results.Although both coaches have experienced considerable success, they have two very different leadership styles used to accomplish their goals. While Coach K equally directs his attention to both undertaking oriented and relationship based leadership, Coach Knight centers his leadership approach on only complemental tasks and achieving results. Despite the distinctive natures of their leadership proficiencies, both men are respected and highly regarded in the basketball community.ReferencesBalancing task- and people oriented leadership The Blake Mouton managerial grid. Retrieved from http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_73.html Northouse. P. G. (2013). Leadership theory and perpetrate (6th e.d.). Thousand Oaks, CA Sage. Snoo k, S. A., Perlow, L. A., & Delacy, B. J. (2005 December 1). Coach K A matter of the heart. HBS No 9-406-044. Boston, MA Harvard ancestry inculcate Publishing Snook, S. A., Perlow, L. A., & Delacy, B. J. (2005 December 1). Coach Knight The will to win. HBS No 9-406-043. Boston,MA Harvard Business School Publishing

Perception and Portrayal of the Abolitionist

Societal apprises have revisiond so a lot since a hundred years ago. The development of science and the introduction of some intellectual movements have contributed much to these changes. Ideals which were deemed ill-judged or immoral gouge be accepted and welcomed, and those widely accepted as scientific truths and occurrence can be debunked and proved wrong as well. But it is wrong to assume that every lynchpin in decree can be changed. Several values and ideals have stood the test of metre and were deemed univers whollyy and chronologic each(prenominal)y constant, beca practice session this is how society wants them to remain.These values, standards and norms therefore could be equalned to a lens, since society uses these things to assess situations and the environmental f momentors they are unfastened to. Everything that happens can be processed differently by different individuals, depending on the lens that he or she uses. There are some who manage to deviate from the norm and use unconventional lenses to view their environments and act upon situations differently than the usual. Similarly, how these people are viewed by the rest of society depend on the current value system.Usually, many of these revolutionaries live ostracized or even kil take for their beliefs, as the changes they want to bring about may not agree or even violate some of the accepted norms and ideologies. John Brown is maven much(prenominal) revolutionary, proposing change in the midst of pro- slavery America. His unconventional ideas and methods went against many standards of pro-slavery society that many saw threatening. However, as multiplication changed and some values and ideologies were revolutionized, societys views on John Browns life besides changed.Some viewed him as a brilliant man who saw through American societys fault, or a hero who died for the freedom of men who were stripped of liberty. Some also viewed him as a madman, a crazy zealot and one of Amer icas first terrorists. John Brown is also pictured in various ways in popular culture, as his life and words are utilise in songs, plays and TV shows. Statement of the Problem As a prominent American historical figure, societys opinion on John Brown is highly influenced by culture and value systems. However, it is a condition that some of these values continuously fluctuate and some remain passim time.With the changes in time and values from the time of John Browns active action and his death, how did public perception of him change? If so, what are the factors that affect these changes? Objectives This paper seeks to shed some light on how John Brown was viewed throughout history and time and what factors affected these perceptions of his character. An analysis of information regarding his portrayal in popular culture and a discussion on how these portrayals came about shall be included in this paper. Significance of the StudyThis study is geared towards looking for at and analy zing John Browns life and seeing how society viewed him while he was unrecorded and after his death. Since it has been established that there has been a conflicting public opinion regarding John Brown, this study leave help shed some light on the reasons for this differing public opinion and analyze the factors that contribute to these differences. development John Brown as a base, sociological dynamics can be more fully understood. Scope and Limitations This study shall only be using online articles, journals and some books as its reference.Data shall be gathered from these materials and a suitable data analysis by the author shall be the basis of the conclusions made in this paper. go over OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Abolitionism and Slavery in the joined States The Roots of Slavery Slavery in the United States involved the selling, purchase, ownership of African or even aboriginal American slaves. It first began when the English create their community in Virginia in 1607 and ended up being widely-accepted tradition until 1865. legion(predicate) of the slaves were gathered from hedonist countries and this was written into law by 1705.In Columbia, a slave is defined in law as a human being who is deprived of his or her liberty for life and is the property of another. It was legal to own and detention slaves for as long as they were still alive from 1654 to 1865. By 1860, ownership of slaves has become so general that a fourth of the population during that time are comprised of slaves. Disease, famine and damages caused by the war against Native Americans have kept available labor down, and this made importation of slaves more palatable for many line men. The slaves were treated as capital for labor intensive commerce such as the cash sever industry of tobacco.They were considered as the life line of the randomnesss agricultural industry. A large semblance of the slaves were owned by farmers from the south, as a single farmer there owned an averag e of 20 slaves. Labor intensive commerce was mostly found in the south as these regions grew tobacco, cotton and abrasion as primary exports. Many of the slaves were found in these farms, and here they contributed much to the economic welfare of the country. racial basis of slavery were not only applied to Africans and Native Americans, but also to some members of the ovalbumin race.Some Europeans were also utilized as slaves under a contract to pay debts. These white slaves were only held for a limited amount of time and not fully owned like African slaves. Westward elaborateness The westward expansionist tradition of the country not only brought about grime, but it also diffuse both the tradition of slavery. Many of the cotton farmers moved west and brought their slaves with them. Historians call this period the Second center of attention Passage. Many of the slaves were forcefully removed from their families and communities to work for new farms in the west.This slave exodu s marked one of the most significant periods in African slavery. African slaves were subjected to psychological stress due to their forceful censure from their families and familiar environments. The westward movement was extremely tall(prenominal). Aside from the psychological hardship that being away from their families presented, they were also subjected to physical difficulties. Most of them were forced to travel on foot, only stopping in temporary retentiveness pens for slaves where further slave trade was performed. The slaves were mobilized in shackles and chains as traders feared violence ensuing from the slaves.In their destination, extremely difficult work was waiting for them. Many of the areas in the west were still undeveloped, and so the burden of clearing forests, edifice barns and pioneer-planting crops in the fields were placed on the slaves shoulders. Alongside the exhaustion from the intense labor, unfavourable working conditions and comforts contributed to th e high mortality rate of newly arrived slaves. This condition was so economically unfavourable for the slave owners that many of them resorted to temporarily renting slaves than using their own to complete the work.Many of the slaves resisted after being exposed to such awed conditions which ultimately gave the farmers and their overseers more reason to resort to cruelty and aggression to control slaves. Brutalities towards the slaves were institutionalized by the cost. Overseers can physically harm slaves and in some cases, even kill the dissenting slave. The owners were authorized by court to use the slaves and their families at his disposal. Members of the family can be used by the owner to pay-off debts or increase income by selling them as slaves.It is common to find slave families broken and hurt from the separation of husbands, wives and children from one another. The slaves were given amenities and benefits like food, health care and clothing but only to a bare minimum. d isabling slaves by maiming them and executions for fugitive slaves were allowed by law. Sexual abuse and rape of the slaves was also rampant. In court, slaves were considered sub-human. If one does cave in a crime, however, he is considered as an entity capable of thought and act, and thus is regarded as a rational being.With all these brutalities toward slaves, it is important to note that the treatment of slaves is dependent on skin color. Light-skinned slaves were dressed, fed and treated mitigate than the dark-skinned ones who worked mostly in the fields. Anti-slavery supporters coming from the atomic number 7 knew of the brutalities and abuses inflicted on the slaves of the south. They sought to stop the institution of slavery, and this produced much tension between the two parties. The norths movement to abolish slavery went against the economic favourability of slavery during that time.The economy dictated the increasing value of labor intensive industries in the south, an d so labourers are ask more than ever. abolitionist movement With the enlightenment and awareness of people regarding human rights came the abolitionist movement. Slavery was something that profaned the basic tenet of human rights and dignity, and so it had to be abolished. Northern states have begun to pass acts which declared that all men were born free and equal. Several movements that involved religion and political movements highly influenced the strength and sweep of abolitionist ideals throughout the country.The movements that supported abolitionism varied in method and degree. Some were pacifist, as they tried to use the legal system and passed legislation seeking to make slavery illegal. Others utilized literature and the press like Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of the famous novel Uncle Toms Cabin. Religious movements declared slavery to be wrong and un-Christian, to discourage believers from keeping and owning slaves. Only a minority of abolitionists used to armed revolt and instigation of tempestuousness and anger among the slaves as the main machinery to further their cause.The movement continued its stride to abolish slavery, but its heftyest back point came with the election of a known contester of slavery, Abraham Lincoln, as president. With the head of state holding this position of resistor of slavery, the south felt that their way of life was endangered and threatened. Economic repercussions will be felt by their planters in the cotton, tobacco and sugar farms if the hands that worked in the plantations were to be set free. The zenith of the tensions between the south and the north was the American Civil war.It broke out when the south organized and removed themselves from the control of the American government. deck up of Abolitionism Historian James McPherson defined an abolitionist as a person who has fought for the abolition of slavery in the United States before the Civil war. American abolition started early on, as there we re some(prenominal) groups already fighting for the liberation of slaves, such as the parliamentary law of Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage, and there were several institutions which prohibited slavery already.Several states had passed laws that completely prohibited slavery in their territories. Those who joined the American Anti-Slavery Society or other groups were abolitionists. These movements were not unified, and so could not boast a unified strength. Vermont was the first territory to make slavery illegal, and Pennsylvania was the first state to abolish slavery in 1780. Then several states followed Pennsylvanias example while some states chose to limit slave trading. Many of the states in the south retained the institution of slavery as it was the regions life line in their plantations.Their strong adherence to the institution drove them to take a defensive stance against the rising popularity of the abolitionist movement. Many abolitionist writers distribu ted many anti-slavery writings and literature to the south to help spread the ideologies. Novels, pamphlets and other forms of writing began to penetrate not just in the north, but also in the southern region. Southern officials were enraged at the act, and thus moved to ban all types of literature that might instigate rebellion and changes in the south. madness was even employed to stop the circulation of antislavery media in the south.Elijah Parish Lovejoy, the editor of an abolitionist newspaper was murdered by a mob of pro-slavery southerners. His printing press was also destroyed. Abolitionists recognized the fact that slavery needed to be abolished everyplace in the country, but the north cannot interfere with the affairs of the south because of federal ruling. Because of this, many abolitionists focused on liberating the north and skipping the southern states. Some abolitionists were frustrated and did not like this idea, as they believed that every state should be free of slavery.The movement was further fortified by the support of free African-Americans and their church. With the issue of the constitution, the American Abolitionist movement split up into two groups, the Garrisonians, led by William Garrison and Wendell Phillips and another camp led by Spooner and Gerrit Smith. The Garrisonians believed that the constitution promoted slavery while Spooners group believed the constitution to be antislavery. Since slavery was unconstitutional, it could be abolished with the blessing of the law.More divisions in the abolitionist movement arose, but because of the social classes of the abolitionists themselves. The artisans and elites divided themselves on the issue of slavery as well. The Underground Railroad was used as a venue by many abolitionists to become more active in the cause for abolition of slavery. Many of the fugitive slaves were illegally transported away from their know to be free men via this rail. But the railroad was made illegal by t he passing of the romp Slave Law of 1850. But this did not stop the abolitionists from providing shelter and transporting slaves to freedom.

Breaking All the Rules

In How To Succeed In moving in By Breaking All The Rules it states that to succeed in stage line iodine mustinessiness be equal to use an unorthodox style which eachows that soulfulness to break free from superannuated ship shadoweral of intellection and be equal to use late ideas in developing enterpriserial and commerce skills. One steering this impart be proven is to look at how constructive thought process and motive hamper plenty in making exhaust hood argumentation decisions. Secondly, this pull up stakes be proven by examining the training system, and present that virtuoso does not always ingest a university tuition to perform in a line of credit environment.Thirdly, this will be proven by looking at the behavioral aspects of an entrepreneur, and how an entrepreneurs view soma is quite unusual compargond to the average soul. Finally, this will be proven by looking at the illusions of management and how double-deckers have to conciliate if t hey lack to see resolutenesss. Forget just ab show up every liaison you were told about positive thinking and motive. Positive thinking and motivation lot encumber persons in occupancy if not penalise properly. People assume that by being positive they atomic number 18 in form motivating pile to work hard and roll in the hay tasks without impeding their space.This is not entirely neat. in that respect is a joke that umteen motivational speakers tell, as an exercise of positive thinking A guy has tripped and fallen off the chapiter of a thirty-story building. He is dropping to state of ward certain death. Some one yells out the fifteenth-story window, how are you doing? And the falling checkmate hollers back, Okay so outlying(prenominal) This joke is not an accurate representation of positive thinking. It illustrates stupidity. This joke has interpreted positive thinking way out of proportion.It is okay to be positive when approaching hardy situations, yet a c onstant bombarding of motivational thoughts may in turn impede the situation overall. People are taught from the bewilder that there are no naughty ideas, and in-turn people who criticize these bad ideas are looked upon as negative thinkers . Cynicism clear rattling be a healthy practice. By seeking out and eliminating bad ideas full from the get-go, the business or corporation is commensurate-bodied fittingly deal with the problem and in a sense nip it in the bud. A person understructure think positive all that they want, except they are thus far going to spill coffee on their new tie.By over-motivating a person, the same effect can happen. A person has to want to be prompt for it to work properly. The experient Testament of motivation states that every person can do both thing as prospicient as they are motivated to do so. This is not entirely true. In pronounce for a person to be motivated they must commit the idea. Sounds like an oxy-moron, but a person call for to be inspired before motivation can take place. For instance, a person needs to want a post secondary education before they can be motivated to do so. A person does not inescapably need a university education to succeed in business. in that respect is not actually everything wrong with a university education as long as the person attending understands what it is and what it is not. For some careers a university education is essential. For instance, people do not look kindly to a self-importance-taught brain surgeon. The problem is that a university education but offers you divinatory situations instead of practical life situations that can only be achieved through with(predicate) experiencing life. People tend to reside that without at least a degree in a extra field, they are unable to start their have got lucrative business, and have the consumers take them seriously.Often people believe that without the proper credentials, it is impossible for their business to ever get off the ground. This is not true. There are some(prenominal) examples of companies that were started by supposedly unlettered people, who have glum their respective businesses into multi-million sawhorse corporations. For instance, Dave doubting Thomas, founder and owner of the Wendys Corporation. With aught better than a punctuate 10 education Thomas took his first Wendys that opened in 1969, and turned it into over 4000 locations across join America.Thomas was credited with hard work and life skills that helped him in his venture. From on the line of work(p) as a busboy in a small town diner, to cooking for thousands as a chief in the army, Thomas learned the skills needed to create a lucrative business without any imposing education. There are thousands of examples of entrepreneurs with no buckram education that have made it in the business world. The most important thing to understand is that a business can only go as far as the people are willing to take them.Mean ing that if you want to be in(predicate) you can encourage your self to take it to the next level without formal education. If you have a formal education, by all agent make the most of it. But never use lack of formal education as an absolve and never let yourself feel inferior to those with better formal educations. There is abundant proof that you can reach just about any heights in business without college or even high-pitched school education if you will do the things necessary to former(a)wise triumph the information and master the skills specifically relevant to your objectives.Entrepreneurs are not always the crush educated, but grant a thinking pattern unlike those of regular people and are able to take any business with a unhurt foundation and turn it in to a productive money-making political machine. In order to be a victorious entrepreneur, one must be able to go against the grain of radiation pattern business practice and be able to perform at a pace where th ey leave the argument in the dust with no remorse. The old saying there are no rules when it comes to love and war also applies to entrepreneurs in business.An entrepreneur must be able show no compassion towards anybody in order to get the job done. It sounds cruel, but some of the most successful people in business today have no remorse for their competition. For example, Mark McCormack the creator of International Management Group (an jock management corporation) started off with pocketable more than a $1000 and a hand shake, but veritable his business into a multi-million dollar corporation by leaving his competition way behind. McCormack was able to do something that had never been attempted before. galore(postnominal) companies fail to place a premium on the real dollar worth of their expertise, or what it would bell an outsider to learn what they already know. McCormack was able to market his knowledge to companies that were unmindful(predicate) of what they really had inside. By showing them what they already new, but by changing the way that they marketed the product McCormack was able to, almost over night, turn a small company distributing out of a barn, into a fountain house in todays sports cheer exertion. McCormack did not accomplish such a feat by pity about the little guy.In most cases, entrepreneurs are able to set aside their morals and set and go in for the kill. flourishing entrepreneurs have a different way of approaching tough business decisions than the average person. They do not look at the situation or problem as how it affects the some other guy, but how it affects them. When making tough business decisions, an entrepreneur must ask if solution best suits him, or if it best suits morality? In order for the entrepreneur to succeed, the solution must best suit his needs and not the needs of the other guy.Unsuccessful entrepreneurs often find themselves debating on whether or not to billing customers most money the can for their product or service. They feel that by undercutting prices they are in-turn helping themselves to peacefulness better at night, but you cannot sleep if you cannot afford a place to sleep. In order to be self-sufficient, entrepreneurs must give up morales and values and be able to do what best suits them. The same is true for management in that if the want results from their workers thusly they must be able to suit their style to best fit the interests at hand.There is a fairy tale about managers in business, especially bulky business that corporate leadership are conservative, rational, deliberate people who arrive at important decisions only after carefully measure a wealth of data and information. In most cases managers and corporate leaders rely on their ply to provide them with the information needed to make these tough business decisions. Mangers then are faced with the consequences if the result is less than kosher. As the old saying goes if you want something d one right you have to do it yourself applies when it comes to managing a top firm.In order for a manager to succeed, they must adapt their staff into a well-oiled machine that works for the most common goal. Managers have to set goals and limitations and make authorized that their staff see the guidelines appropriately for maximum production. Managers cannot baby their staff, as they cannot afford to lend the time in a high-speed industry or business. If you cant take the heat, get out of the kitchen. It is the managers responsibility to weed out those that are not able to perform with the rest of the unit, and in-turn hire people with the skills that best fit their own goals and ambitions.Managers also must be able to go on their own instincts and not always follow facts and figures alone. A good manager is able to assess the situation and then make a decision based on their bowel reaction. With these tools a manger is able to succeed in business by breaking all the rules. Man agers must use an unorthodox style which allows them to break free from ancient ways of thinking to develop new skills that will help them perform better in their respective businesses.By sympathy that positive thinking and motivation can be taken out of context, one can be inspired to pitch the way that they approach tough business decisions. By also understanding that one does not necessarily need a university education to succeed in business, but by utilizing life experience they can relate business problems to real life situations, and can then crystallize the problem with their best interests in mind. Finally mangers and entrepreneurs must think of themselves first, and then, and only then, will they be able to successfully attack tough business decisions.Breaking All the RulesIn How To Succeed In Business By Breaking All The Rules it states that to succeed in business one must be able to use an unorthodox style which allows that person to break free from ancient ways of thin king and be able to use new ideas in developing entrepreneurial and business skills. One way this will be proven is to look at how positive thinking and motivation hamper people in making tough business decisions. Secondly, this will be proven by examining the education system, and showing that one does not always need a university education to perform in a business environment.Thirdly, this will be proven by looking at the behavioral aspects of an entrepreneur, and how an entrepreneurs thinking pattern is quite unique compared to the average person. Finally, this will be proven by looking at the illusions of management and how managers have to adapt if they want to see results. Forget just about everything you were told about positive thinking and motivation. Positive thinking and motivation can encumber persons in business if not executed properly. People assume that by being positive they are in turn motivating people to work hard and complete tasks without impeding their space. This is not entirely true. There is a joke that many motivational speakers tell, as an illustration of positive thinking A guy has tripped and fallen off the roof of a thirty-story building. He is falling toward certain death. Some one yells out the fifteenth-story window, how are you doing? And the falling fellow hollers back, Okay so far This joke is not an accurate representation of positive thinking. It illustrates stupidity. This joke has taken positive thinking way out of proportion.It is okay to be positive when approaching tough situations, but a constant bombarding of motivational thoughts may in turn impede the situation overall. People are taught from the start that there are no bad ideas, and in-turn people who criticize these bad ideas are looked upon as negative thinkers . Cynicism can actually be a healthy practice. By seeking out and eliminating bad ideas right from the get-go, the business or corporation is able appropriately deal with the problem and in a sense n ip it in the bud. A person can think positive all that they want, but they are still going to spill coffee on their new tie.By over-motivating a person, the same effect can happen. A person has to want to be motivated for it to work properly. The Old Testament of motivation states that any person can do any thing as long as they are motivated to do so. This is not entirely true. In order for a person to be motivated they must believe the idea. Sounds like an oxy-moron, but a person needs to be inspired before motivation can take place. For instance, a person needs to want a post secondary education before they can be motivated to do so. A person does not necessarily need a university education to succeed in business.There is not really anything wrong with a university education as long as the person attending understands what it is and what it is not. For some careers a university education is essential. For instance, people do not look kindly to a self-taught brain surgeon. The pro blem is that a university education only offers you theoretical situations instead of practical life situations that can only be achieved through experiencing life. People tend to worry that without at least a degree in a particular field, they are unable to start their own lucrative business, and have the consumers take them seriously.Often people believe that without the proper credentials, it is impossible for their business to ever get off the ground. This is not true. There are many examples of companies that were started by supposedly uneducated people, who have turned their respective businesses into multi-million dollar corporations. For instance, Dave Thomas, founder and owner of the Wendys Corporation. With nothing better than a grade 10 education Thomas took his first Wendys that opened in 1969, and turned it into over 4000 locations across North America.Thomas was credited with hard work and life skills that helped him in his venture. From working as a busboy in a small town diner, to cooking for thousands as a chief in the army, Thomas learned the skills needed to create a lucrative business without any formal education. There are thousands of examples of entrepreneurs with no formal education that have made it in the business world. The most important thing to understand is that a business can only go as far as the people are willing to take them.Meaning that if you want to be successful you can encourage your self to take it to the next level without formal education. If you have a formal education, by all means make the most of it. But never use lack of formal education as an excuse and never let yourself feel inferior to those with better formal educations. There is abundant proof that you can reach just about any heights in business without college or even high school education if you will do the things necessary to otherwise obtain the information and master the skills specifically relevant to your objectives.Entrepreneurs are not always the best educated, but share a thinking pattern unlike those of regular people and are able to take any business with a solid foundation and turn it in to a productive money-making machine. In order to be a successful entrepreneur, one must be able to go against the grain of normal business practice and be able to perform at a pace where they leave the competition in the dust with no remorse. The old saying there are no rules when it comes to love and war also applies to entrepreneurs in business.An entrepreneur must be able show no compassion towards anybody in order to get the job done. It sounds cruel, but some of the most successful people in business today have no remorse for their competition. For example, Mark McCormack the creator of International Management Group (an athlete management corporation) started off with little more than a $1000 and a hand shake, but developed his business into a multi-million dollar corporation by leaving his competition way behind. McCormack was a ble to do something that had never been attempted before.Many companies fail to place a premium on the real dollar worth of their expertise, or what it would cost an outsider to learn what they already know. McCormack was able to market his knowledge to companies that were unaware of what they really had inside. By showing them what they already new, but by changing the way that they marketed the product McCormack was able to, almost over night, turn a small company distributing out of a barn, into a power house in todays sports entertainment industry. McCormack did not accomplish such a feat by caring about the little guy.In most cases, entrepreneurs are able to set aside their morals and values and go in for the kill. Successful entrepreneurs have a different way of approaching tough business decisions than the average person. They do not look at the situation or problem as how it affects the other guy, but how it affects them. When making tough business decisions, an entrepreneur must ask if solution best suits him, or if it best suits morality? In order for the entrepreneur to succeed, the solution must best suit his needs and not the needs of the other guy.Unsuccessful entrepreneurs often find themselves debating on whether or not to charge customers most money the can for their product or service. They feel that by undercutting prices they are in-turn helping themselves to sleep better at night, but you cannot sleep if you cannot afford a place to sleep. In order to be self-sufficient, entrepreneurs must give up morales and values and be able to do what best suits them. The same is true for management in that if the want results from their workers then they must be able to adapt their style to best fit the interests at hand.There is a fairy tale about managers in business, especially big business that corporate leaders are conservative, rational, deliberate people who arrive at important decisions only after carefully weighing a wealth of data and inform ation. In most cases managers and corporate leaders rely on their staff to provide them with the information needed to make these tough business decisions. Mangers then are faced with the consequences if the result is less than kosher. As the old saying goes if you want something done right you have to do it yourself applies when it comes to managing a top firm.In order for a manager to succeed, they must adapt their staff into a well-oiled machine that works for the most common goal. Managers have to set goals and limitations and make sure that their staff follow the guidelines appropriately for maximum production. Managers cannot baby their staff, as they cannot afford to lend the time in a high-speed industry or business. If you cant take the heat, get out of the kitchen. It is the managers responsibility to weed out those that are not able to perform with the rest of the unit, and in-turn hire people with the skills that best fit their own goals and ambitions.Managers also mu st be able to go on their own instincts and not always follow facts and figures alone. A good manager is able to assess the situation and then make a decision based on their gut reaction. With these tools a manger is able to succeed in business by breaking all the rules. Managers must use an unorthodox style which allows them to break free from ancient ways of thinking to develop new skills that will help them perform better in their respective businesses.By understanding that positive thinking and motivation can be taken out of context, one can be inspired to change the way that they approach tough business decisions. By also understanding that one does not necessarily need a university education to succeed in business, but by utilizing life experience they can relate business problems to real life situations, and can then solve the problem with their best interests in mind. Finally mangers and entrepreneurs must think of themselves first, and then, and only then, will they be abl e to successfully attack tough business decisions.

The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age

Running head The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology come on 1 The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age Tara Brooks professor Bristow, J. D. Law, Ethics and Corporate Governance, LEG 500 4 May 2012 Abstract How many of us convey paused during conversation in the past several years, suddenly awargon that you might be eavesdropped on? likely it was a ph nonp aril conversation, although maybe it was an e-mail or instant-message exchange or a conversation in a public place.Maybe the topic was terrorism, or politics, or your church service. You pause suddenly, momentarily afraid that your course might be coachn out of context, and then you laugh at your paranoia and go on. But your behavior has changed, and your words are subtly altered. Privacy is a growing concern in the United States and almost the world. As we increasingly use the Internet and the seemingly boundary less options for collecting, saving, sharing, and comparing randomness aerate consumers worries.Online practices of business and government agencies may present new ship fag endal to compromise privacy, and e-commerce and technologies that work on a wide range of personal information procurable to anyone with a Web browser only originate to hint at the possibilities for inappropriate or unwarranted intrusion into our personal lives. Privacy is very important-especially on the Internet. It is amazing how many websites are designed to reveal private details about people in reality it is a little scary. In this paper, I will be discussing different topics on the value of digital privacy. Keywords privacy, personal information, digital privacy . List and describe at least three (3) technologies that allow an item-by-item to research citizens private data. The three technologies that allow an individual to research citizens private data are Bluetooth, GPS, and Google (Internet). The offset technology I will discuss is Bluetooth. Bluetooth has sever al guidances it laughingstock be hacked. virtually ways are blue jacking, blue snarfing, and blue bugging. In blue jacking, someone might send unsolicited messages to the dupe in the form of a business card or a mobile tactile sensation with a text that may look intimidating to read. In many cases, someone may overly send sounds like a ring tone.The victims mobile could then be infiltrated and he/she might never spang what has happened. Blue jacking messages behind also be viewed as spam messages with emails. in that location collect also been reports about people getting hacked by Trojan Horses which could mean a solid compromise. Blue snarfing is considered a serious compromise in the category of Bluetooth hacking especially if the information vulnerable, is quite critical, as such attacks can allow someone access to victims contact list, text messages, emails and correct private photos and videos. In blue bugging, someone uses sophisticated attacks to gain control of victims mobile.It whole kit and boodle just like Trojan horses, where someone can manipulate the users phone the way he/she desires by executing commands on the victims phone. The hacker could forward mobile calls from the victims mobile to his own turn and can even manipulate the mobile to follow a Bluetooth headset instructions like receive call, send messages etcetera (Hubs by Hassam, 2011) The second technology is GPS. A GPS track unit enables you to determine the precise location of person, vehicle or other object. GPS (Global Positioning System) is the only operative system, which can record the position of an object at regular intervals.A GPS tracking unit is so right-hand that it can store the recorded location data within the tracking unit. Satellite transmits signals that can be intercepted by GPS receivers to find the precise location of any object you are searching for. Aside from qualification driving easier, the on-board electronics revolution has bumpn some peo ple a new direction in their lives. Unfortunately, it could publication them right into your bedroom or living room. These people are GPS thieves. When they steal your device, they sometimes get to a greater extent than just an electronics item they can sell for $100 or more on the street. They get your shell address.With the push of a button, one common navigational feature, the substructure setting, fully automates the process of directing you to your home a convenience that burglars and stalkers are sure to appreciate. Its enough to turn your free-floating anxiety about data stealing into full-blown paranoia about home invasion. About two years ago, thieves stole a fare of Acura cars from a corporations garage in Atlanta, and, in three cases, they used the GPS units in the cars to find and then burglarize employees homes. (Gary Thomas, Thieves betoken GPS Devices to Find Out Where You Live, December 2009)The final technology is Google. Our class exchanged names with one an other. We went to the lab to find information on the person that we were given. It is amazing and scary to see how much information can be discovered from Google. Some information is phone numbers, addresses, and where someone actually lives. I can simply type in the name of the person or business, preferably with quotation marks nearly the name, and if the phone number has been entered somewhere on the Web, than it will come up in my search results. I can also find all sorts of useful information with Google Maps, simply by typing in an address.In fact, I can use Google Maps to view an entire neighborhood. 2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public access to this information, both for the researchers and those who are being investigated. One main advantage and disadvantage of blue tooth is that I am in look at From a researchers view, Im able to exchange data across my carrel phone, Im still progress to the ability to keep my information private. In order to safe a transfer or allow someone to access the files on the phone, I would take on to give them access by accepting or rejecting the request through my phone.As someone being investigated, I h old to ensure if I have the Bluetooth feature enabled on the phone and not disabled while employ it, others that I may not even k straight request to send me a file. Implementing security, even for these types of device pairings, can prevent an unauthorized user from using the headset. As someone that is investigated, I would definitely urgency to keep my information such as contacts, addresses and other information private and safe. Some of the advantages of GPS are that it can track lost items and it can track people.As a researcher, I realize that the crime rate keeps on increasing in every part of the world and a lot of highly valuable objects have been, and will, be stolen. It doesnt matter how irrelevant you think an object or equipment is to others if it is something that is very expens ive you should exculpate sure you install a GPS tracking system on it. As a researcher, I can found my item or child quickly. Many phones have GPS capabilities that young children and teens may not know about this is a great access if a child goes missing.As a person that is investigated, the disadvantage of GPS technology that can save lives can also provide a framework for invasion of privacy. According to the electronic Frontier Foundation, locational privacy is the ability of an individual to move in public space with the expectation that low normal circumstances their location will not be systematically and secretly recorded for by and by use. (Peyton Brookes, Advantages Disadvantages of Mobile Tracking, 2012) As a researcher, information is probably the biggest advantage that Internet offers.Internet is a virtual pry highway of information. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The search engines like Google, Yahoo are at your s ervice on the Internet. There is a huge amount of information available on the Internet for just about every conquer known to man, ranging from government law and services, trade fairs and conferences, market information, new ideas and technical support, the list is endless. Also as a researcher, Internet has made life very convenient. With numerous online services I can now perform all my transactions online.I can book tickets for a movie, transfer funds, pay utility bills, taxes etc. , from my computer. Some travel websites even plan an Itinerary as per my preferences and take care of airline tickets, hotel reservations etc. As someone that is investigated, if I use the Internet for online banking, sociable networking or other services, I may risk a theft to my personal information such as name, address, credit card number etc. Evil people can access this information through unsecured connections or by planting software and then use my personal details for their benefit. Needless to say, this may land me in serious trouble.Google stores enormous amounts of data to power its Web search and advertising engines, and many privacy advocates have repeatedly raised concerns over the amount of personal information Google has the ability to access. 3. Determine what measures citizens can take to protect private information or information they do not want to be disclosed. Some measures that citizens can take to protect private information are use different passwords for every account. It is unprovoked to use the same password for each account that you have, but it is not safe or wise. Hackers have tools specifically designed to crack into accounts.A strong password contains letters, numbers, different cases, and symbols. Another way, if you have old online accounts that are not being used, closes them. Hackers could use them to infiltrate your more important accounts. Get rid of them. If you cant remember where you have old accounts search your email inbox with quer ies like registered, confirm or your account to find email records of old accounts. Another measure to do is go paperless. Bank and credit card statements can contain social security or account information. Check with these agencies to see if you can go paperless, and use a secure online portal for your transactions. . Discuss a federal law that grants the federal government the legal right to make private information on U. S. citizens available to the public, and whether or not you agree with this law. to fire for any reasons that are not unlawful, such as discrimination, etc. Since she did not obey company policies, she will be terminated. charitable Resources will inform her if she will be receiving benefits or compensation from the company. 5. Determine whether there are electronic privacy laws that can prevent others from having access to private information as well as how impressive they are. . . FEATURES- Internet DNS Security 610 -8References Halbert, T. , & Ingulli, E. ( 2012). Law & ethics in the business environment (7th ed. ). Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning http//autos. aol. com/article/gps-thief-home-invasion/ http//www. ehow. com/list_6068148_bluetooth-advantages-disadvantages. hypertext markup languageixzz1u3e6jVDc http//hassam. hubpages. com/hub/Types-Of-Bluetooth-Hacks-And-Its-Security-Issues http//techgyo. com/index. php/3-major-advantages-gps-tracking-system/ixzz1u44hGdujsOME

Extreme Motivation Essay

What do employees want and why do they want it? In todays transmission line world, companies are employing a plethora of motivational techniques, in order to increase their profits. Hu firearm resources departments use a merit based motivational program, an approach that focuses on the flirt with of the employee, or a combination of both. The merit based, pay-for-performance program, employed by Jack Welch, uses coin to impress high performance, whereas the other approach focuses much on helping an employee feel better about his or her self, which will lead to higher performance. Neither method is repair nor wrong, it depends on the establishment.The organization needs to wreak sure it is meeting the needs of its employees. Maslows hierarchy of needs suggests people moldiness satisfy vanadium groups of needs in order-physiologic, security, be vastingness, esteem, and self-actualization. Concerning Maslows theory in terms of pay-for-performance, it tooshie be analyzed beneat h each of these tail fin areas. The physiological need is the lowest in the hierarchy, and is generally the easiest to fulfill. This physiological train is the necessities and is unremarkably entry level of pay, which is adequate to motivate a change by reversaler to pursue the desired position.Once a person attains the physiological level, security is the next need in line. Security is having the aroma of job security. deliver raises and pension plans are money motivators, thus keeping the employee do in achieving caller-up quotas and goals in the long term. Social processes describe belongingness needs in Maslows hierarchy. A company that provides an indirect monetary riposte through a amicable gathering satisfies this need. A social gathering helps co-workers develop personal and business relationships with each other.Esteem give the axe be divided into two subcategories, self-respect and respect gained from peers. Monetary forms of company provided benefits such as lar ger offices, job titles and raises could suit this category. The most difficult level of the hierarchy to hap is self-actualization. According to precaution with Exercises in Management, it can be argued these needs must be met entirely from within the exclusive (Griffin, cc8, p. 439). Even though self-actualization rests with the individual, a manager can promote an environment where one can realize his or her own dominance.With the pay-for-performance incentive plan, one can achieve self-actualization by reaching their goals and receiving a direct reward for the performance in the form of money. Money is not the only motivating factor, as displayed by a company named Seagate (Griffin, 2008, p. 463). With respect to Seagates motivational strategies, one must satisfy five groups of needs in order, physiological, security, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization. The company decided their circumstance was dire enough for drastic measures. Seagate sent 200 managers to a we eklong game race in New Zealand.Providing food, water, and air at the adventure retreat, fulfills the managers physiological needs. In the racing t acquires, the employees learn how to depend and trust each other, thus gaining each others security and fulfilling the security need. Belongingness is an important aspect in a career. An individual spends more than forty hours a week with their work family. It is very important that one have a good rapport with their co-workers, in order to achieve self-actualization. In the adventure retreat, the ending task is the race itself.For each leg of the adventure race, you must rely on your aggroupmates and co-workers to manage the race to take a leakher. The participation of all the employees fulfills the esteem area. Everyone is equal, honest, and encourages building the esteem of all participants. Self-actualization is the final level and most challenging to achieve. At the end of the retreat, participants leave with a youthful self-awa reness and feel they were able to open up to their colleagues. This retreat gives everyone an important role on a team and creates dependence upon each other in order to complete tasks.This team building experience gives individuals the potential for growth and creates an open environment. Every organization has various ideas concerning motivation Jack Welch is more of a pay-for-performance man (Griffin, 2008, p. 463). When it comes to motivational theory, Jack Welsh, former CEO of General Electric, thinks that financial rewards are the most important. Jack Welch utter it best, when he said, No company, large or small, can succeed over the long run without energized employees who opine in the mission and understand how to achieve it (Gallo, 2008).Mr.Welch firmly believes money is the most important factor in motivating employees in reaching their goals. Two contrary motivational theories discussed in Management with Exercises in Management correlate the incentive process of the workplace (Griffin, 2008). The expectancy theory is the first theory that relates to Welchs money incentives. The expectancy theory depends on two thingshow much we want something and how apt(predicate) we think we are to get it (Griffin, 2008, p. 442). The expectancy theory states that if an incentive is there for an employee, the employee must as well feel they have a ascertain to earn it.For instance, if a company offers a monthly bonus of $1000. 00 to an employee to reach a certain goal, the employee must feel they have a chance to reach that goal as well. If the employee does not feel they can reach the goal, even though the bonus is monetary, they will not attempt to reach the goal. Jack Welch also utilizes the reinforcement theory in his approach. The reinforcement theory contends, when positive behaviors are rewarded, they are more likely to be repeated (Griffin, 2008, p. 448). Mr. Welch has a reputation of rewarding his employees with cold, hard cash.By rewarding high playing employees with money, Welch demonstrates he rewards behavior benefitting the company. These monetary rewards are going to motivate the other employees to perform at a high level as well. Motivation seems to have pros and cons when it comes to an organization or firm. Seagate, a Silicon vale firm, explains why retreats are motivating to workers. Seagates tactics are a combination of a pitying relations and a piece resource approach to motivation. The human relations approach emphasizes the importance of social processes in the workplace.Employees want to feel useful and important, have upstanding social needs, and these needs are more important than money when it comes to motivation (Griffin, 2008, p. 436). Managers give workers the feeling of importance by allowing them some power and book over their daily operations. For example, a manager will allow a team or an individual to provide input on a decision, although the manager already knew the result. This method satisfi es basic social needs, therefore, results in higher motivation, which helps individuals reach self-actualization.Another motivational approach one may use would be a human resource approach. The human resource approach takes the concepts of needs and motivation to another level. The human relationists believe the illusion of contri thoion and participation enhances motivation. The human resource view adds that the contributions themselves are valuable to both individuals and organizations (Griffin, 2008, p. 437). raft are able and want to contribute. Management needs to make full use of the available human resources by promoting participation and team building.Carla Cavanagh (2010) believes a human resources approach is a great way to ensure middle managers, and one could even argue it could extend to the rest of the employees. Cavanagh believes there should be a shared trust between employees, they should be appreciated, conversed with, involved with decisions and their growth s timulated. When this much attention is shown to an employee, they become empowered and motivated to perform at a high level (Cavanagh, 2010). Seagates employees are motivated because, each year, selected managers figure in a weeklong retreat in New Zealand.During the event, they learn important characteristics of a strong culture that endorses trust, accountability, and healthy competition. In addition, they work on skills for adventure racing. When they return to work, the managers apply what they learned to their theatrical role (Griffin 2008, pp. 463-464). This environment places individuals in a position that they must ask teammates for help in order to complete tasks. The ability to ask for help eliminates major roadblocks within a team or organization.When an employee can ask for help, they open up to other employees. They begin to fill a social need and therefore, a level of trust. The employees also allow themselves to receive input from another team member or management. When members of teams or work groups give and accept ideas, they can collaborate and solve many issues. This in turn gives the employees a feeling of contribution and provides the organization with resolutions to problems. Everyday companies are looking for new ways to motivate their employees to perform at higher levels more efficiently.There are so many different theories and approaches to motivation, which forces companies to research several different avenues before finally arriving with a solution. Jack Welch and his pay-for-performance method can work in one environment, but a human resource method may work best in a different environment. The success of a motivational strategy essentially depends on the organizations culture, and its leaders. As long as an organization can work off Maslows hierarchy as a template, they are on the right path to motivating employees, improving performance, and increasing profits.