Who Invented the Self-Cleaning House

The ultimate convenience invention for domestic living must certainly be inventor Frances Gabe’s self-cleaning house. The house, a combination of some 68 time, labor, and space saving mechanisms, was conceived as a way to make the drudgery of housework obsolete. The Early Years Frances Gabe (or Frances G. Bateson) was born in 1915 and now lives in Newberg, Oregon, in the prototype of her self-cleaning house. Gabe gained experience in housing design and construction at an early age from working with her father, Frederick Arnholtz. She adored her father, a building contractor and architect, and rode with him to his job sites beginning at the early age of 3. Her mother died when Frances was young and her father had jobs across the Pacific Northwest and so her â€Å"family† became the construction workers who taught her all she would ever need to know about building her â€Å"dream house† someday. She attended 18 different grade schools and at age 12 she started attending the Girl’s Polytechnic School in Portland, Oregon. In two years, she completed her high school education, graduating in 1929 at age 14. In 1932, at the age of 17, she married Herbert Bateson who was an electrical engineer. Bert never worked much aside from odd jobs here and there, so Frances was forced to support their family, including their two children.   Gabe did not let her 18 years of partial blindness that followed her childs birth stop her from starting her own business. Soon after losing her sight, she started a home repair business in Portland. The business was quite successful and, according to Charles Carey, author of  American Inventors, Entrepreneurs, and Business Visionaries, her husband was so embarrassed by her success that he demanded she stop using his name. Grace chose to take the initials of her entire married name  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Grace Arnholtz Bateson,† and tack an â€Å"e† on the end to become Gabe.   In 1978, shortly after changing her name, she and Bert separated and eventually divorced. Features of a Self-Cleaning House Each of the rooms in the termite-proof, cinder block constructed, self-cleaning house is fitted with a 10-inch, ceiling-mounted cleaning/drying/heating/cooling device. The walls, ceilings and floors of the house are covered with resin, a liquid that becomes water-proof when hardened. The furniture is made of a water-proof composition, and there are no dust-collecting carpets anywhere in the house. At the push of a sequence of buttons, jets of soapy water wash the entire room. Then, after a rinse, the blower dries up any remaining water that hasn’t run down the sloping floors into a waiting drain. The sink, shower, toilet and bathtub are all capable of cleaning themselves. The bookshelves dust themselves while a drain in the fireplace carries away ashes. The clothes closet works as a washer/drier combination  and the kitchen cabinet functions like a dishwasher—simply pile in soiled dishes, and don’t bother taking them out until they are needed again. Not only is the house of practical appeal to overworked homeowners, but also to physically handicapped people and the elderly.

The Great Wall of China Essay - 2903 Words

The Great Wall of China To the northwest and north of Beijing, a huge, serrated wall zigzags its way to the east and west along the undulating mountains. This is the Great Wall, which is said to be visible from the moon. This massive wall has not only been one of the Ancient Seven Wonders of the World, but it has also been inspiration for many artists, and writers. The building of the Great Wall is one of the biggest tragedies, but through this tragedy arose triumph with the wall, being so much to so many people. The Great Wall of China is much more than a wall, and was built for many reasons that are hidden to most. Construction of the Great Wall started in the 7th century B.C. The wall states that under the Zhou Dynasty in the†¦show more content†¦Of elephants, lions, birds, flower and heavenly kings as well as charms in six languages-Sanskrit, Tibetan, Phats pa (Mongolian), Uygur, West Xia and Han. (Karls) The Mutianyu section of the Great Wall, 70 kilometers northeast of Beijing, is linked to the Gubeikou section on the east and the Badaling section on the west. The Mutianyu section of the Great Wall is crenellated for watching and shooting at the invading enemy. Some of the battle forts on the wall are as close as 50 meters apart. It is one of the best sections of the Great Wall. (Karls) Located in Miyun County northeast of Beijing, the Jinshanling division of the Great Wall, like the Simatai division, belongs to the Gubeikou section of the colossal defence barrier. The battlements in the Jinshanling division of the Great Wall are built along the ridge of a mountain, where the soldiers can resist the invading enemy by taking advantage of the high terrain. (Karls) Located to the east of Jinshanling, the Simatai division of the Great Wall is 3,000 meters long and has 35 battle forts. The wall rises and falls with the precipitous mountain ridge, while the battle forts are located high up the hills. From the Beakon Tower alarm was raised by means of smoke signals, at night by fire. Smoke was produced by burning a mixture of wolf dung, sulfur and saltpeter. Shots were fired at the same time. Thus an alarm could be relayed over 500km within just a few hours.Show MoreRelatedThe Great Wall Of China1196 Words   |  5 Pagesincludes modules of ________ so you can see the construction of _____ Today I am going to be presenting the Great Wall of China and what political and military reasons it was built for. The construction was a feat of great magnitude and reflected the innovations and technological advancements of the Ancient Chinese. The reason I have decided to focus upon the Ancient Chinese is because I find China a very interesting civilisation. The ancient Chinese civilisation began 7,000 to 8,000 years ago and aboutRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Great Wall] demonstrates the manifestation of the wisdom and tenacity of the Chinese people.†(cortland.edu). China is considered one of the world’s oldest civilizations with the first dynasty beginning in 221 B.C.. A famous icon of this great civilization is the Great Wall of China, or known to the Chinese as Wan Li Chang Cheng. During the Warring States period, many feudal societies built their own sections for security. Eventually the walls were connected and there was a unified China. WithRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China1641 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Wall of China is known as the largest construction project to be put in effect in all of world history. The wall, also known in China as long wall of 10,000 li, is a collection of numerous short walls extending along the crest of hills on the southern edge of the Mongolian plain. Although it is a common misconception that the Great Wall of China is one long continuous wall, it s structural inconsistency in no way undermines its greatness. The wall has been built, destructed, rebuiltRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China1266 Words   |  6 Pages The Great Wall of China James Allen World History 1st period February 1, 2015 The first unified Chinese empire was formed in 221 B.C., that was when seven states were brought together by Shi Huangdi, a conqueror from the state of Qin. Shi Huangdi means â€Å"first emperor.† Until the twentieth century all rulers of imperial China called themselves the emperor. The emperor was believed, by the people of China, to be the son of heaven, God-like. They believed that each ofRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China905 Words   |  4 Pages It has been said that the Great Wall of China is so immense that it can be seen from space with just the human eye. Unfortunately, that is simply a rumor and has been confirmed false. Nonetheless, the Great Wall of China is also the world’s longest wall and biggest piece of ancient architecture, which is still a pretty big deal. Its official length is about 13,170 miles long, more than four times the width of the United States. The wall crosses over ten provinces and cities, including QinghaiRead MoreThe Great Wall of China600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Wall of China is an assemblage of smaller walls built by various dynasties over many years. Builders erected these walls for protection from invasions by those from the north. The Great Wall itself, with a history lasting over 2000 years, measures approximately 5,500 miles in length, although some of the sections lie in ruin or have disappeared altogether. It is about 25 feet high and is 15-30 feet wide. It is the longest man-made structure in the world. In the 7th century B.C. the firstRead MoreThe Great Wall Of China2440 Words   |  10 Pagescollectively achieve the objectives. The Great Wall of China is an example of the history of the success goal of organization. Ming dynasty, Zhengtong Emperor has forced approximately 2 to 3 millions labor to build the defense wall to protect the empire and also border control that could encourage trade. With the Zhengtong Emperor led the organization of collective effort of the people, the result is 8851.8 kilometers of defense wall, with combined of previous built great wall is 21,196 kilometers, becomingRead MoreEssay on The Great Wall of China1270 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Wall of China is one of the greatest architectural achievements ever recorded in history. The Great Wall translates to â€Å"long fortress.† The wall was made entirely by hand. It was built to protect the Chinese from intruders from different Nomadic Tribes. The wall is about 5,500 miles long. The wall did not stretch across all of China but it stretched from Shanhaiguan in the East to Lop Nur in the West. Some people say that you can even see the wall from the moon! Wouldn’t that be somethingRead MoreGreat Wall of China Essay example1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Wall of China stretches about 5,500 miles long crossing deserts, mountains, grasslands, and plateaus. It took more than 2,000 years to build this incredible manmade structure. Many people died to build this wall. It displays the changes between the agricultural and nomadic civilizations. It proves that the superb structure was very important to military defense. It became a national symbol of the Chinese as a security for their country and its people. The Great Wall of China must be preservedRead MoreGreat Wall of China Report Essay2063 Words   |  9 PagesThe Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is truly one of the greatest architectural achievements in recorded history. The longest structure ever built, it is about 6,700 kilometers (4,163 miles) long and made entirely by hand. This wall is said to be visible from the moon. It crosses Northern China, from the East coast to Central China (Karls, 1). This massive wall is not only one of the ancient wonders of the world, but it also has been the inspiration of many writers and artists. With

Anabolic Steroids A Misunderstood Substance free essay sample

When the term â€Å"steroids† is used, it is typically used in reference to anabolic steroids intended for the purposes of improving physical performance. However, steroids are actually a class of organic molecules with similar physical structure. The male sex hormone, testosterone, is perhaps the most widely known steroid in existence. But what is less known is that the female sex hormone, estrogen, is a steroid as well. Steroids are not limited solely to androgenic effects, but are also used for structural support in cells. However, for the purposes of this article, and for ease of writing, the term steroids will be used only to refer to anabolic/androgenic steroids commonly referred to by the abbreviation â€Å"AAS† . The term anabolic refers to metabolic processes that result in increased muscular hypertrophy while â€Å"androgenic† means supporting the development of male characteristics i.e. male pattern baldness, voice deepening, facial hair, muscular deve lopment, etc (Solomon 1056). AAS have been notorious in history for rampant usage in professional sports and bodybuilding. Critics argue that steroid use is life-threatening, which certainly holds its merits, but AAS are too complex to simply be labeled as â€Å"bad.† Due to controversy surrounding this substance, the United States labeled anabolic steroids as a controlled schedule III drug in 1990. In addition to the illegality of it, most professional sports organizations have banned the use of performance enhancing drugs in their respective sport. While these organizations hold the belief that AAS are cheating, they seem to ignore the other side of the argument. In reality, modern research does not support the media’s notion that anabolic steroids are awful, unhealthy, and immoral drugs with the potential to cause murderous rampages. It seems as though when steroids are brought up in conversation, the risk of atherosclerosis, more commonly known as heart disease, tends to be a concern-able issue. William Llewelynn, Director of Research and Development of Molecular Nutrition, wrote about steroid risks and benefits in his book William Llewellyn’s Anabolics.The side-effects section of this book explains that short-term steroid cycling has been shown to negatively impact cholesterol levels, which can lead to increased plaque levels in the arteries and therefore a greater risk of heart disease (Llewellyn 149). While on a cycle, the user’s HDL levels tend to decrease while LDL levels increase. HDL levels are correlated to positive cholesterol values while LDL molecules may risk increased plaque levels in arteries (Solomon 1056 ). Even though this is true,steroids are taken in cycles, usually periods of 6-12 weeks. Afterward, a short period of post-cycle therapy begins in order to alleviate temporary side -effects that may have occurred while the individual was taking supratherapeutic doses of AAS. Post-cycle therapy helps to restore the cycler’s hormones back to pre-cycling conditions and thus the change in cholesterol levels is not a permanent side effect (Llewellyn 289-290). Another common complaint about steroid abuse is the negative effect the drugs may have on the liver. Some oral steroids certainly can cause permanent damage to theliver as it is suspected that they interact with androgen receptors in the hepatic system. Injectable steroids on the other hand, do not pass through the liver while metabolizing and therefore are not liver toxic (Llewellyn 171-173). Therefore liver toxicity while cycling steroids is a null-issue as long as the type of steroids taken by the user are non-toxic to the liver. The use of AAS is correlated to negative aesthetic side effects including male pattern baldness, decreased size of the testes, and gynecomastia. These are all proven potential side-effects of AAS, although they are not guaranteed simply by taking steroids. Furthermore, steroids do not cause the androgenic side effect of baldness, they only increase the rate at which somebody genetically pre-disposed to male-pattern baldnesswould achieve hair loss (Llewellyn 182). So this side-effect only applies to those who are genetically pre-disposed to baldness. Christopher Bell, director and writer of the documentary Bigger Stronger Faster*, explores the controversy of steroid use and his own personal use as well. Part of this movie discusses testicular shrinkage. The male testicles may shrink while cycling as a result of artifical testosterone injections resulting in the body to produce less of its own testosterone. This side effect is not permanent, and the testicles tend to return to their n ormal size after successful PCT (Bell). Gynecomastia, or male breast enlargement, can be caused as a result of increased estrogen levels while cycling AAS. Estrogen levels will rise while on a cycle in an attempt to counter-balance the increase in testosterone levels. The rise in estrogen levels is not necessarily bad, but can potentially result in gynecomastia. This unaesthetic side-effect can be easily avoided with the use of aromatase inhibitors such as Nolvadex (Llewellyn 337-338). Additionally this side-effect will only occur in specific individuals, not everyone. Modern medical research agrees with the idea that steroids are generally safe drugs when taken properly by healthy adult men. Take for example a study published in the Journal of American Physiology and Endocrinology. 61 men were placed into different groups and given differing dosages of testosterone enanthate. The results showed that those taking the higher doses had gained the most muscle mass, and those with the l owest doses had the lowest increase in mass. The only notable side-effect found in the men with the highest steroids dosages was a decrease in HDL cholesterol values. No statistically significant changes were found in liver enzymes, sexual ability, or mental health (Bhasin). What this study shows is that the only negative health effect of testosterone enanthate was a negative impact in cholesterol valueswhile it had the positive health effects of increasing athletic ability and muscle mass. So steroids really cannot be labeled as beneficial or harmful toward health since they benefit some areas of health while damaging others. Overall however, it seems as though AAS are not truly detrimental to a person’s well-being and therefore when considering the ethics of steroid use, negative health impacts is not a major consideration. There are drugs on the market that are arguably far worse than steroids such as amphetamines like Adderall, prescribed for treatment of Attention Defici t Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Adderall has even been correlated to death by myocardial infarction, otherwise known as heart disease (Cohle, 2013). Not only does this drug have a less negative connotation than anabolic steroids, but tit is also prescribed to children as young as three years old. It is important to note that thus far the discussion of health impacts of AAS only applies to healthy adult men and not children or women. The effects of AAS in those less than 18 years of age are not completely understood as very little research has been done in that area. Women on the other hand, since their bodies do not typically create large amounts of testosterone like in men, may experience adverse and permanent side-effects. Some of these side-effects include excessive facial hair, enlarged clitoris, and infertility (Llewellyn 195-200). For these reasons, if steroids are to be taken by a female, they should be forewarned of the dangers in advance. Children should not take AAS as their is not enough research on them to know if any serious damage could be caused. Furthermore some commonly believed side-effects of steroids are not even proven. Take for example, the story of Chris Benoit. Benoit was a professional wrestler for WWE back in the mid 2000‘s, but it seems he is more famous for being the poster child for â€Å"roid rage†. Roid rage is supposedly â€Å"violent and uncontrolled anger as a side effect of anabolic steroid use† according to Merriam-Webster online dictionary. Benoit murdered his wife, child, and then committed suicide. It was discovered that he had been taking heavy doses of anabolic steroids when his murder was under investigation. When the media found out about it, his murder-suicide was immediately blamed as a side effect of steroids. Of course, their is no actual evidence linking the murder to have been caused as a result of taking steroids. This is a type of fallacious argument known as an undistributed middle. In reality it is much more likely that steroids were not the cause of the murder, but rather that he was taking illicit drugs as a result of some sort of imbalance in mental cognition. As seen in the study by Bhasin injection of AAS did not alter cognitive functioning significantly. Anecdotally, Mark Be ll, brother of Christopher Bell of the documentary Bigger, Stronger, Faster* had taken steroids for years before the release of the film. Mark Bell’s wife stated in the movie â€Å"Ive never seen Roid Rage. Ive never seen any difference in his personality or how he is with me, how he is with Jake. It hasnt done anything that all those after-school specials tell you that its gonna do.† (Bell). Furthermore, this film explains that the illegality of steroids is mainly a result of political reasons rather than actual scientific research. In fact, it was brought to attention in the film that medical research at the time did not support adverse side-effects of AAS. During the congressional hearing that resulted in the illegalization of AAS in the United States, a child’s suicide was brought to attention. The father of this child blamed his suicide on anabolic steroids, although the child was also taking anti-depressant medication which is correlated to mental instability. Once again, anabolic steroids were not proven to have been the cause of this child’s suicide yet the father’s speech during the hearing seemed to have more impact on the congressional decision than all of the scientific research available at the time (Bell). The current stigma surrounding steroids is the notion that they are â€Å"cheating† and â€Å"unnatural,† however this view once again fails to represent the entire picture. The common argument when considering sports and steroids is that steroids are cheating because they are not naturally found in the body, and that by taking them the person’s athletic abilities are unfairly enhanced above those who do not use them. Now, it is true that a person with higher testosterone levels than another tends to gain muscle mass faster, but that is not always true. In fact, steroids are only one of various factors contributing to athletic performance. Genetics play a significant role as well. Profesional Strength Coach Mark Rippetoe writes in his book PracticalProgramming: for Strength Training There are at least 73 genes associated with fitness and performance. While humans allswim in the same genetic pool, their is a huge amount of variation in both the genespossessed and the genes actively expressed. And so, like it or not, here is the rule: DNAmakes RNA makes protein makes function. The reality is that genetic potential ultimatelyaffects the performance of every individual. These variations lead to differences in performance potential. (2006, p. 105) Is it unfair if one athlete has an athletic advantage over another simply because his genome is more tailored toward that sport? If that is the case then is it unfair if one athlete’s muscle mass is higher than another’s simply because he is genetically inclined to naturally higher testosterone levels and not because he works harder? If so, then steroids are not the cause of unfairness, genetics is. If steroids were to be regulated around national sports associations, then it would actually be possible to minimize testosterone level differences as a variable in sports performance. If all athletes were put on to similar steroid cycles then no one would have a significant advantage over the other in regards to testosterone. Now, some critics may argue that steroids would make sports less fair because some athletes would simply take higher doses than others. Once again, this does not encompass the full scale of steroid use. As with the majority of things in life, steroids follow the concept of diminishing returns. In this case it means that each dosage increase will result in less performance increase than the previous increase.Take for example the study previously mentioned that was published in the American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism. Three groups were given high dosages of testosterone enanthate: 125mg (milligram), 300mg, and 600mg. The groups found an average increase in lean body mass (lbm) of 7.48lbs, 11.44lbs, and 17.38lbs respectively (Bhasin). Dividing lbm by amount of testosterone enanthate injected shows the amount of muscle gained per mg of testosterone. The three groups had pounds of lbm increase per miligram of testosterone values of .0598, .0381, and .0290 respectively. This clearly demonstrates that dosing of AAS does not follow a linear increase, but rather AAS have a threshold point in which increasing dosage fails to increase performance any more. While the exact value to which increasing dosage fails to provide any significant benefit is unknown and may differ between individuals, this shows that AAS do in fact hold a performance increase threshold. Another common argument as to why steroids are cheating is that they are a shortcut. Steroids are far from a shortcut in any respect. Muscular hypertrophy requires two factors: a stressor and recovery period (Rippetoe 23-24). A stress is any sort of extreme tension placed on the muscle and central nervous system , while a recovery period is the time where no stress is applied to the body and the body adapts to the previous stress allowing the muscles to gain protein and increase in efficiency. While AAS do support muscular hypertrophy and motor neuron recruitment in the central nervous system, the body still requires a stressor to create an adaptation to facilitate muscle growth. This means that the athlete still needs to work out and lift weights in order to gain the performance advantage. Steroids effectively increase recovery efficiency, which means that the individual who is taking steroids will recover quicker. This also means that people who are cycling can workout harder than before since their bodies are now capable of recovering from heavier stress. And in respect to sports, this means that steroids allow athletes to put in more effort than before.By this logic, steroids can make sports more competitive by allowing athletes to work harder for improved performance. The people who would benefit most are those who are truly dedicated, since they would be capable of working out more than if they were not cycling steroids. Overall AAS are an extremely misunderstood drug with over-exaggerated health implications and under-rated health benefits. Changes in cognitive functioning in humans has never been supported by research. Steroids have not been shown to be detrimental to health and are in fact safer than many prescription medications. In professional sports, steroids can allow athletes to achieve previously unheard of athletic ability while also allowing them to train harder than ever before. The subject of roid rage has been debunked as a myth built on the faulty premise of fallacious argumentation. AAS have no reason to be illegal in the United States because their original decision to become illegal was not based on scientific evidence. Legalization of steroids would benefit society as those taking them would no longer have to hide their faces in shame, but can instead be admired for their hard-earned achievements. These people would no longer have to live lives of disgrace and stereotyping, but i nstead be encouraged to break records and become the strongest and most athletic human beings they can possibly be. References: Bigger, stronger, faster* [Motion picture]. (2008). Magnolia Home Entertainment. Bhasin, S. (2001). Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men. AmericanJournal of Physiology Endrocinology and Metabolism. Cohle, S. (2013). Fatal coronary artery intimal hyperplasia due to amphetamine use.Cardiovascular Pathology, 22(3), E1-E4. Llewellyn, W. (2010.). William Llewellyns Anabolics (E-Book ed., p. 1496). Solomon, E., Berg, L., Martin, D. (2011). Endocrine Regulation. In Biology (9th ed.) PacificGrove, CA: Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning. Rippetoe, M., Kilgore, L. (2006). Practical programming for strength training. Wichita FallsTex.: Aasgaard.

Introduction Essays (2296 words) - Guggenheim Fellows, McCarthyism

Introduction Of his time, Talcott Parsons (1902-1979) was considered the most admired American sociologist. Parsons was bread into a well-to-do family and was given a strong educational foundation as a child. Starting as a biologist, Parsons felt out of place and transferred to economics and sociology. As he excelled in these fields, Parsons began studies in Europe, giving him a wide view on different societies. He began teaching at Harvard, and there he exposed his sociological thoughts. Although very controversial, Parsons' works had influences on all aspects of Sociology. He generally focused on social action and systems and believed that morality in social action is the main element to help preserve social order. In The Structure of Social Action (1937), Parsons developed earlier sociologists' views into a theory of social action, or the action theory. These ideas look into today's society and it's institutional structures, which work to clarify action and to gain from it. His second book, The Social System (1951), extends and further explains his prior theories, including a structural-functional strategy. Talcott Parsons' functionalistic ways, influenced by Bronislaw Malinowski, became the center of debate. His beliefs were questioned and challenged by rival sociologists. His studies became even greater and his theories more significant. Until the time of his death, his principal aim focused on the systematic study of social action and it's components. He looked at the surrounding factors and if and why they influenced the social system. As an award before his death, Parsons received high honors for his accomplishments in sociology. Many people considered him the most intelligent sociologist of his era. Methods for Securing Information To gather material on this subject, I used a few research tools. First, I utilized the internet as a source of information. Starting off, I figured I would use search engines, or special programs that find websites concerning your topic, to begin. I listed as many keywords as I could, including Talcott Parsons, Parsons, sociology, sociologists, dead sociologists, and structural-functional paradigm. I then used these keywords in my searches on the yahoo!, excite, starting point, and webcrawler search engines. I passed trough websites, selecting valuable information and printing out what was needed. I looked over the various internet articles, and I highlighted and took notes on some important details. I kept the web pages nearby for quick reference. Next, I visited the Boca Raton Public Library to collect more substantial data. I began by using the library's computers to search for information on Talcott Parsons and sociology. I was lead to the International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, in which I found biographical supplements. I copied specific pages concerning Talcott Parsons, and as I read the text, I choose certain information for reviewing. This information was observantly copied to note cards. I located two other encyclopedias, The New Encyclopedia Britannica and Encyclopedia Americana, and repeated the steps as before, using note cards to take notes. During my search, I found a paperback book on sociology. I studied the section pertaining to Talcott Parsons, and I took careful notes on his works. Afterwards, I researched the historical events happening while Parsons grew up. Initially, I found these events on the Society in History: Time Lines in my sociology text book. I noted the events and relied on the internet. I used the same method as before, search engines and websites. I listed the keywords on the subjects and found many different articles. I printed the useful documents and reviewed them for significant points. Last, I highlighted the main topics and noted the major facts. Biographical Information Talcott Parsons was born on December 13, 1902 in Colorado Springs. His family consisted of five siblings and his mother and father, Mary Ingersol Parsons and Edward Parson. According to the Inter. Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, "His mother...was a suffragist...and his father was a 'social gospel' Protestant of broad academic interests" (610). Parsons was academically pushed by his father, who was the first in the family to attend college. Although of Christian faith, his family was still interested in the sciences of Darwinism, which gave Parsons an early view of science. He attended high school at Horace Mann High School in New York City. After graduation, he started his studies at Amherst College. Parsons majored in biology, but

High School Sophomore Math Curriculum and Course Study

High School Sophomore Math Curriculum and Course Study The standards for mathematics education per grade vary by state, region, and country. Still, it is generally assumed that by the completion of the 10th grade, students should be able to grasp certain core concepts of math, which can be achieved by passing classes that include a complete curriculum of these skills. High School Sophomore Level Math Courses Some students may be on the fast track through their high school math education, already starting to take on the advanced challenges of Algebra II. The bare minimum requirements for graduating 10th grade includes an understanding of consumer maths, number systems, measurements and ratios, geometric shapes and calculations, rational numbers and polynomials, and how to solve for the variables of Algebra II. All students are expected to understand these concepts at this level. In most schools in the United States, students may choose between several learning tracks to complete the prerequisite four math credits needed to graduate High School. Math classes build upon each other, so each subject must be completed in the order they are presented: Pre-Algebra (for remedial students), Algebra I, Algebra II, Geometry, Pre-Calculus, and Calculus. Students must reach at least Algebra I before completing 10th grade. Different Learning Tracks for High School Mathematics Every high school in America does not operate in the same way, but most offer the same list of mathematics courses that sophomores in high school can take in order to graduate. Depending on the individual students proficiency in the subject, he or she can take the expedited, normal, or remedial courses for learning mathematics. In the advanced track, students are expected to take Algebra I in the eighth grade, allowing them to start Geometry in ninth grade, and take Algebra II in the 10th. Meanwhile, students in the normal track start Algebra I in ninth grade, and typically take either Geometry or Algebra II in 10th grade, depending on the school districts standards for math education. For students who struggle with math comprehension, most schools also offer a remedial track that still covers all of the basic concepts students must comprehend to graduate high school. However, instead of starting high school with Algebra I, these students take Pre-Algebra in ninth grade, Algebra I in 10th, Geometry in 11th, and Algebra II senior year. Core Concepts Every 10th-grade Graduate Should Grasp No matter which education track they are on- or whether or not they were enrolled in Geometry, Algebra I, or Algebra II- students graduating the 10th grade are expected to master certain mathematics skills and core concepts before heading into their sophomore years. Proficiency must be displayed with budgeting and tax calculations, complex number systems and problem-solving, theorems and measurements, shapes and graphing on coordinate planes, calculating variables and quadratic functions, and analyzing data sets and algorithms. Students should use appropriate mathematical language and symbols in all problem-solving situations, and be able to investigate problems by utilizing complex number systems and illustrating interrelationships of sets of numbers. Additionally, students should be able to recall and use primary trigonometric ratios and mathematical theorems like the Pythagorean to solve for measurements of line segments, rays, lines, bisectors, medians, and angles. In terms of geometry and trigonometry, students should also problem-solve, identify, and understand common properties of triangles, special quadrilaterals, and n-gons, including the sine, cosine, and tangent ratios. Additionally, they should be able to apply  Analytic Geometry to solve problems involving the intersection of two straight lines, and verify geometric properties of triangles and quadrilaterals. For Algebra, students should be able to add, subtract, multiply and divide rational numbers and polynomials,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹solve quadratic equations and problems involving quadratic functions. Furthermore, sophomores must be able to understand, represent, and analyze relationships using tables, verbal rules, equations, and graphs. Finally, 10th graders must be able to solve problems that involve variable quantities with expressions, equations, inequalities, and matrices.

What I Learned Traveling in Israel without a Tour Bus

What I Learned Traveling in Israel without a Tour Bus On May 1st, I did something I haven’t done in over 10 years: I got on a plane and flew to a foreign country. I had been to Israel before, but only on pre-programmed tours. Here are some snippets of what I learned as a solo traveler traveling in Israel, visiting friends and giving a presentation as an international speaker at Google Campus Tel Aviv: Day 1: Arrival When traveling in Israel, it pays to have an official European style adapter for a MacBook Pro charger. The only way I could get my charger to work was to find a diagonal plug or a power strip on the ground. Anything else would not hold the bulky charger. Day 2: Hod Hasharon Get oriented. And don’t wander out on a 103-degree day without a hat and sunglasses, without knowing in which direction to take the bus. Don’t be shy about calling your friend for help. She will be willing to take you to the bus stop and save you from sunstroke. The buses don’t come on time. Don’t expect them to. Sometimes you’ll just need to take a taxi. The taxis don’t take credit cards, but they’ll accept U.S. dollars. When attending a yoga class in Hebrew, it’s a good idea to tell the yoga instructor that you don’t speak Hebrew. She’ll be much more likely to throw in English as necessary. Sh’efa, ven’shifah = Breathe in, Breathe out Thought you could get mixed greens in Israel that don’t include arugula? Think again. The buses don’t come on time in the afternoon either. Day 3: Swimming, Shopping and Shabbat If you’re nice to the lifeguard at the outdoor pool at the moshav, he’ll let you in for free, even if you’re not a member. The Central Bus Station in Jerusalem is like a small city. Be sure to have a shekel on hand to use the restroom! â€Å"King (Melech) Halvah† has the best halvah in Israel. And they give tastes! The dates in Israel are 10x better than anything you’ll get in the States. Don’t keep walking in sandals after they have worn a cut on your foot. The bike path in Jerusalem is beautiful, bordered by lavender and rosemary, and a lovely place to walk on Friday night. Do not expect to eat Shabbat dinner before 9pm, and do not expect it to be over until midnight. Expect deep conversation. Light your own set of candles if you’re in Israel for Shabbat, even if at first you think it’s okay to bless candles lit by someone else. Day 4: Shabbat in the Old City and Ein Karem Sleeping late on Saturday is the way to go after a late Shabbat dinner. Those yoga videos you purchased on special and downloaded onto your computer? They are great for a country that shuts down on Saturdays! There are stores and restaurants open on Saturdays in Jerusalem!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The stones on the walkways in the Old City are treacherously slippery. If your shoes slip, wear bare feet. You might offend some people, but at least you will not wipe out. When you see a door you are compelled to open, open it and wander in. You might be surprised at what you find. And your friend who didn’t want to see the art exhibit might just end up having multiple people she knows in common with the artist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If you ask someone if you can pick fruit from their loquat tree, they will probably say yes. Loquats are delicious and pair well with those amazing dates. Always have cash on hand when traveling in Israel. Machines that are supposed to accept credit cards, well, sometimes don’t. Day 4: Dancing and Yad Vashem When assisting at a movement class for the elderly in Jerusalem, wear a high-cut top or some of the ladies might get offended. The men have no problem with it. Plan to spend a whole day at Yad Vashem (the Holocaust Museum) when traveling in Israel. The hours of testimonials are riveting. Four hours just isn’t enough. Don’t put money on your â€Å"Rav Kav† (transportation card) on the Jerusalem light rail if you want to use the money for a bus in Tel Aviv. Day 5: Joy Gym This is the land of the Bible. Where there is lightning, there could be hail. Be on the lookout for shelter. You can run into some interesting characters at Joy Gym in Hod Hasharon, including Eli Danker, an Israeli actor who teaches acting to Martha Graham dancers in New York, and usually plays a terrorist. You can look him up on IMDb. â€Å"Itzuvlates† with Rotem at Joy Gym is one of the best and most challenging fitness classes you’ll ever find! â€Å"Itzuv† means sculpting – so Itzuvlates is a combo sculpting and Pilates. The instructor is really encouraging too! There really is no way to get those light rail tickets converted to normal money on the Rav Kav. Try as you might. The 8-hour time difference between the US and Israel is great for freedom in the mornings; not so great for having any freedom in the evenings or for going to bed at a decent hour! If you take the bus to an address but it’s in the wrong city, you will be very late getting to your cousins’ house and probably not get to play with the baby. A 10-minute car ride can take an hour on 3 buses. Oy. Day 6: Artists and Eateries If you’re in Tel Aviv on a Tuesday, be sure to go to the Artist’s Market. You’ll find some beautiful objects there! I bought a Shabbat set that holds tealights instead of the tall white candles I grew up with, and a turquoise scarf with butterflies! Then wander over to Ouzeria, a restaurant with a Greek twist, patronized by locals – best food I had while I was in Israel! Office buildings in Tel Aviv can look like this: Bargaining is all about the facial expression. Biggest win: A chunk of halvah knocked down from 45nis (shekels) to 30nis. Score! Day 7: Google Campus Tel Aviv Office buildings in Israel can also look like this:   Ã‚   Israelis can be an enthusiastic and challenging crowd! Networking meetings can be set up on a dime. I met the next day with a recruiter who attended my presentation! The Mexican chocolate popsicles at the Sarona Mall are worth the trip. Day 8: Final Day It doesn’t take long to make friends at the gym. Eli Danker was there again! It’s possible to live in Israel without speaking a word of Hebrew. I met another client who lives there and works for the U.S. federal government and she knows one phrase: â€Å"Tax receipt†! Landver might be a chain, but they have really great food, from salads to smoothies to pasta. Yoga classes at Joy Gym are not for advanced students. Stick to EllaYoga! A gathering of 6-8 people can be created on a dime. People show up! Lovely evening at the outdoor seating at Landver. Day 9: Farewell Israel! Taxis come 15 minutes early in Hod Hasharon. Better than 15 minutes late! Your friends in Israel will want you to move there. Refrigerator magnets at the airport are a great way to spend those last shekels. Leaving Israel feels sad. Already looking forward to the next trip. L’hitraot (until we see each other again)! Category:Blog ArticleBy Brenda BernsteinMay 15, 2018 10 Comments Maitri Meyer says: May 15, 2018 at 10:22 am AWESOME Trip! Thanks so much for sharing the tips you learned along the way Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: May 15, 2018 at 11:07 am Thanks Maitri! I added one more line: Remember youre in the land of the Bible. Where theres lightning, there could be hail. Find cover! Log in to Reply Rebecca Herson says: May 15, 2018 at 12:16 pm Great post! Glad to see some of our joint activities made the cut (mmm Mexican chocolate popsicles). And yes, you should definitely move here! Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: May 15, 2018 at 12:19 pm Thanks Rebecca! Of course our joint activities made the cut they were some of the best parts of my trip. Im glad we were able to spend so much time together! Log in to Reply Hayden Fink says: May 15, 2018 at 2:13 pm Israel is an exciting place to visit. I am glad that you had a positive experience and enjoyed your time there. Thanks for sharing the pics and details from your trip! Next time try and visit Safed, one of my favorite places in Israel. Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: May 15, 2018 at 2:15 pm Thank you, Hayden! Yes Ive heard Safed is a wonderful place to spend Shabbat I will definitely go there next time! Log in to Reply Barry Shrut says: May 15, 2018 at 2:43 pm Thanks so much for sharing. Beautiful pix and you rekindled memories of our family trip to Israel about 8 years ago. We booked a private guide and had an exquisite time, visiting Tel Aviv, Haifa, Golan Heights, Beit Shean, Jerusalem and Dead Sea. Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: May 15, 2018 at 3:11 pm Youre welcome, Barry. That sounds like a beautiful trip! Next time I will try to visit more of those sites. I did go to many of them in my previous trips, but that was a long time ago! Log in to Reply Vladimir Starov says: May 16, 2018 at 11:40 am Wonderful notes from your trip! I learned new tips although I visited Israel 7-8 times in the past, the last time almost 10 years ago. Time to go back and visit Landver! Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: May 16, 2018 at 11:50 am Thanks for your comment, Vladimir. Im sure you would teach me a lot more everyones experience is unique and worth sharing! Log in to Reply

Community Boundaries Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Community Boundaries Paper - Essay Example A healthy community encompassed balance and dynamic relationship between people, location, and the social system. To analyze the community of Jefferson County, Birmingham, Alabama, a description will be made in terms of people, location, and social system. Community Boundaries Environmental Boundaries (Location). A community is usually defined by geographic and political boundaries (Hunt, 2009, 10). Environmental boundaries may determine the availability of health services to the consumers of health care. Jefferson County has 1113 square miles of land area and 11.2 square miles of water area. The number of people living per square mile is high, which is 598 people per square mile thus, in case of an epidemic or occurrence of a communicable disease, the crowded location of people in the community may predispose the spread of a certain disease. Jefferson County’s boundaries include Walker County and Blount County in the North, Shelby County in the south, St. Clair County in east , and Tuscaloosa County in west. Majority of the people in Jefferson County are pro-Republicans (City-Data.com, 2003-2010, n.p.). A total of 34 hospitals are located in the Jefferson County, Alabama and majority of them focus on children and women’s health – a significant indicator why infant death rate decreases, while female population is greater than the male, and why the community transitioned to a child-developing community. Environmental Relationship (People). The diversity of the individuals living in a community contributes to the overall character of the community (Hunt, 2009, 9). To understand people and environmental relationship, it is essential to know the vital statistics and demographics of the community. For instance, Jefferson County is a diverse community, composed mainly of neighbors who are are either single/married, retirees of all ages, children, and interracial couples from Hispanics, Whites, Blacks, and others. Described in detail below are the empirical statistics of Jefferson County community. According to the July 2009 Census of the City-Data.com, Jefferson County has a total population of 665,027 with 89% urban and 11% rural: male has 312,089 (47.1%) rate while female has 349,958 (52.9%). The median age of male residents is 34 years old while female median age is 38 years old. Approximately, there are 598 people living per square mile. Majority of the people in in Jefferson County works in the industry of educational, health, and social services (21.8%) but there are also 8.7% of unemployed individuals. Several races live in Jefferson County particularly; White Non-Hispanic (53.9%), Black Non-Hispanic (40.6%), Hispanic or Latino (3.1%), Asian (1.4%), and two or more races (0.7%). The births per 1000 population from 2000-2006 is 14 while the death rate is 11. Infant death per 1000 live births is 11.5 and there are 13% members of the population who are not enrolled in health insurance program. Majority of the population is in a familial household with 2 members (City-Data.com, 2003-2010, n.p.). The characteristics of the people in the community define community health care needs thus, the suburban, female-domineering, married population of Jefferson County may promote families that are caring, nurturing, and strong. In addition, the nuclear-type family of Jefferson County may lead to self-reliance and isolation while median age of 30 and above is essential to the governing structure.

The effect of social networking sites on LSBF Students Research Proposal

The effect of social networking sites on LSBF Students - Research Proposal Example The expected outcomes of the study include that there is a relation between academic performance and use of networking sites for instruction and that academic performance augment with the use of social networking sites. The research proposal will consist of a number of areas that will act as an important guide in the completion of the research project on the effect of social networking sites on LSBF Students academic performance. A background of the study will be established followed by the statement of the research question and aims of the project. The theoretical framework, methodology, timescale and ethical limitations will form the other components of this research proposal. The advent and extended use of social networks for academic, business, and personal activities has been tremendous. The effect has been the emergence of web-based technologies, internet broadband services, smartphones, and mobile devices used in different facets of human lives to aid in achieving better results and the expense of limited resources. The use of social networking sites for education instruction has been on the rise begging for the need to have an understanding of its effectiveness in ensuring academic performance (West, April 24, 2012, 1). Relevant literature has mainly been aimed at investigating the use of social networks by college students and its impacts on their performance. Literature accessed on the use of social networking sites for educational instruction depicts the effectiveness in improving academic performance forming the basis for this study in understanding its effectiveness at LSBF (Adeoye, 2014, Laire et al., 2012, Lerner et al., 2011). The research w ill provide a platform for the improvement of social networking sites at LSBF and the benefits derived by the students when social networking sites are used for education instruction (Benson, & Morgan, 2014). The research will make use of varied sources including books

There Is No Truth in Advertising Essay Example for Free

There Is No Truth in Advertising Essay Advertising is omnipresent and inescapable in today’s world. It is claimed that an average person is exposed to 2000 advertisements every day. Due to its all-pervasive nature, advertising has a huge impact on our minds, both consciously and unconsciously. However, the credibility of today’s advertisements should be questioned. As media companies and advertising agents become increasingly profit-driven, advertisements now contain false information, promote biased ideas and sometimes even deveice consumers, in order to sell products. Even some non-commercial advertisements are not telling the complete truth, in order to grab people’s attentions. Many advertisements tend to tell â€Å"partial truth† about their products, which equates to false information that would mislead viewers. To increase revenue and maximise profits, advertising agents use the tactic of â€Å"partial truths† that make use of viewers’ assumptions. Advertising agents skillfully design the advertisements that will only reveal the seemingly appealing characteristics of the product, and deliberately leave the necessary elaboration and explanation, which is the other half of the truth, unmentioned. An advertisement for some cat food purported that it contains a substaintial level of phosphorus, which would lead the viewers to think that more phosphorus is good for cats. But what the advertisements did not mention was that cats actually do not need phosphorous in their diet. Another cigarette advertisement in Bangladesh said that smoking helped to relieve the pain of giving birth, which is true because somking decreases the size of babies. Its detrimental effect on babies was deliberately ignored by the advertising agent. These â€Å"partial truth† are not truths at all. They are misleading lies which, if the consumers believe blindly, may even harm their health. Also, advertisements always ignore the moral truth of gender equality. They contain some stereotypes about gender roles most of the time. While men are usually portrayed as strong and masculine, women are almost always depicted as fragile, weak and feminine. Some advertisements convey the idea that women should devote a lot of money, time and effort into the pursuit of ideal beauty, to please men. There is even objectification of women that turns women into things and objects, which is dehumanising and unrespectful. One advertisement writes â€Å"If I did not lose 49 pounds, I could never be married by now†, which is saying that women should focus on their figure in order to find a husband. Another beer advertisement turns a lady into a robot that contains beer in its belly. While these â€Å"innovate† advertisements may be effective in promoting the products, they are without doubt instilling people with the wrong idea that women and men are not equal in this society, that women is somewhat inferior, which are not the truth. [However, they do reflect and reinforce existing ideas of gender roles and inequality, which is the sad reality.] Furthermore, advertisements deceive us into believing that by buying certain products, we are able to obtain a desirable lifestyle, gain social status or get into certain social community. Advertisements are not selling merely products, but also the lifestyles, ideas, calues and status that the company want to associate the product with. By constantly linking the products with a certain lifestyle, the advertisements make the consumers believe that buying the product is one easy way to get that desired lifestyle. For instance, Louis Vuitton’s advertisements always show celebrities holding their handbags, enjoying themselves on holiday. This makes many nouveau riche think that having one of such bags would get themselves into the moneyed class and the lifestyle of the rich. However, it is without doubt that buying certain products does not change who you are or where you belong to. It is just a deception created by the advertisements. Some people may argue that advertisements for some cutting-edge technical products that truly benefit people, such as tablets and smartphones, do contain truths. I do not deny that these advertisements do contain some facts, such as the new features of the products, the improved functions and so forth. However, being advertisements, they are more or less exaggerated in order to achieve the ultimate goal of selling. Advertisements of this kind, such as the advertisement for the new iPad, always contain the key words like â€Å"all new†, â€Å"revoluntionary† or â€Å"unprecedented†, but never mention the limitations and the flaws [built-in obsolescence]. Only after a few months when the company launches a newer model would it start to point out what flaws the previous model has. This is the nature of advertising. There is no complete truth. Non-commercial advertisements are believed by many to be absolute true. They argue that these advertisements campaigning for good causes have no motive to lie. However, in order to create greater influence and to raise people’s awareness, non-commercial advertisements also tend to exaggerate and oversimplify the situation. For instane, the advertisements that help Project Hope in China to raise fund often show children who are eager to learn sitting in shabby wooden classrooms, dressed poorly. Though there are many children like this in the rural area, not all of them are passionate about learning, and not all classrooms are in such poor condition. In order to grab public attention, these advertisements are wise to show the pooresr scene to the public. But this kind of oversimplified version is definitely not the complete truth. [emotional manipulation] In all, advertising by nature aims to grab public attention. In oder to do this, there is always some extent of exaggeration. This is how advertisements work. As long as there are no false information or deceptions that mislead people, advertising with some extent of exaggeration is acceptable. People should learn to be discriminating views ant not just believe advertisements blindly.

No Title :: Olivia Essays

No Title The lines selected for analysis are from act V, scene I, lines 115-129, when Orsino is talking to the love of his life, Olivia, about dueling with the love of her life, his servant Cesario (who is actually lady Viola in disguise, and who is secretly in love with Orsino!). From these lines I find Orsino to be a bitter, jaded, jealous man whose mindset is revenge against the woman who has played with his heart, bruised his feelings, and never returned his undying love, and the man who stole his woman away from him (though she never really was his). In these lines the reader can hear a change in Orsino’s voice—and in his mind. He feels betrayed by the one who was supposed to be loyal, and is now using a take-no-prisoners ideal to this duel. He feels Cesario will get what’s coming to him—how dare he let the woman his master is in love with fall in love with him?—though Cesario had vehemently denied Olivia’s advances. Orsino is blinded by thi s unnecessary and displaced anger towards Cesario, and firing terrible threats and promises to the woman he loves about the man she loves. He can’t see that Olivia is as unhappy as he is, because the one she loves doesn’t love her back. He sees her only as a tease who strings men along for years with no intention of being in a relationship with them. He doesn’t realize that his vicious actions will push her further away, rather than bring her into his heart—which is what Orsino is ultimately striving for. Ten points for psychological depth: 1. â€Å"†¦savage jealousy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ : these are biting words—â€Å"savage† shows that it is more than just immature, childish jealousy. It’s real, hard, nasty jealousy that could escalate to more than brooding and sulking in one’s room about it. This shows Orsino to be extremely emotional—when the one he loves is infatuated with someone else, and someone so close to him he doesn’t take it lightly. 2. â€Å"†¦savors nobly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ : there is some sick pleasure in enjoying what he is about to do. He can enjoy injuring or killing Olivia’s love, but he’ll make sure to do it with some grace. I think Orsino would see it as some kind of release—the ultimate punishment for the man who was supposed to be his servant and obey him forever.

Hamlet Feminist Criticism

This lack of prior knowledge of her being allows the reader to question the importance of her history. The question of the importance of her life is delegated and her current presence Is the only one that matters for the existence of the play. This shows the negative portrayal already to be brought about because of her underdeveloped, backbreaking. Sometimes words are needed in defense, for no words can be Just as negative. â€Å"Frailty; thy name Is woman. Is one of the most impacting quotes In the whole play.It directly states of the nature in which the feminine world is to be perceived. Woman, according to the time, were supposed to be mentally unstable, and fully dependent on their male spouse. This was no better exemplified than In Hamlet. Aphelia, after having taken orders from her father her whole life, his death made her go mad. She was then no longer able to function, ultimately resulting in her death. Gertrude, Hamlet's mother, quickly re-married to be supported by her lat e husband's brother. This shows her weakness to be successful without a partner and lack of self- assurance.Aphelion's specific death, that by drowning, can be linked directly with being a woman. â€Å"In his discussion of the ‘Aphelia complex,' the phenomenology's Gaston Bachelor traces the symbolic connections between women, water, and death. Drowning, he suggests, becomes the truly friendly death In the dramas of literature and life, one which is a beautiful immersion and submersion in the female element. Water is the profound and organic symbol of the liquid woman whose eyes are so easily drowned in tears, as her body is the repository of blood, amniotic fluid, and milk. Aphelion's brother Alerts states that he has once again became man after crying tears. Tears which are liquid, liquid being feminine, and friendly being weakness. The idea of women being signs of sexuality has been present for thousands of years. Aphelia is especially known for this, being a woman constan tly entangled within flowers and white linens. The scene In which Aphelia becomes mad, passing out flowers to those around can be contrived as symbolism for, â€Å"deflowering† herself.She publicly has humiliated herself, her family, and the female name for her actions. It was Montreal Day numerous critics now teeny Delved Tanat It was snapper's anger against women for making his characters act in these ways. An interesting aspect of some of the criticism on Aphelion's behavior has to do with those who act out the plays, themselves. Earlier renditions, when females were not as welcome on the stage, men played Aphelia and tended to react with more emotions to make Aphelia seem even weaker not only mentally but also in a physical aspect.When portrayed by a female, the pity and fragility were still present, Just not in the mocking demeanor as when portrayed by men. In other places, Aphelion's lines were shortened and censored because many did not believe in her place in the play at all. As time went on however, she is portrayed as childlike and frail in contrast to mad and dangerous. Hamlet's negative portrayal of women can be linked to many historical beliefs, but the examples are certain. The reader's lack of prior knowledge concerning Aphelia allows one to question the importance of her history.Woman, according to the time in which Hamlet was written, were supposed to be mentally unstable and fully dependent on their male spouse; Gertrude and Aphelia were prime example's of this phenomenon. Aphelion's specific death, that by drowning, can be linked directly with being a woman for water's liquidity. The idea of a woman being a sign of sexuality has been a common thought for thousands of years, this showing the ability for the plays modern day relevance.

Global Nursing Shortage and Impact on Health Care Environment

In recent years international health care organizations are more and more recognizing the impact of nursing shortages in every aspect of health care delivery. Many health care delivery systems are increasingly recognizing the threat recurrent shortages of registered nurses impose on the health care system (Krall & Prus, 1995). This trend has become increasingly apparent from about the mid 1980s through the present, with concerns over nursing shortages leading many health care specialists to explore â€Å"the dynamics of the nursing labor market using neoclassical labor market analysis† (Krall & Prus, 67). Using this approach many suggest that chronic nursing shortages in the global market result from depressed wages and excess demand, and that hospitals tend to command â€Å"monopsonistic power† when it comes to nursing management (Krall & Prus, 1995). Under this line of thinking hospitals have traditionally resulted to substituting less skilled nursing personnel in place of RN's when the need arises to cope with nursing shortages, potentially decreasing the quality of care afforded patients and customers of the hospitals. One thing is certain; the future of the modern global health care organization is uncertain in light of chronic labor shortages among qualified nursing staff (Epstein, 1999). Many health care organizations are seeking alternative methods to provide patients with the quality care they need despite nursing shortages. Many are resorting to more emphasis on preventive care while others are branching out into the community in an attempt to identify community resources that may promote more support for patients in the health care environment (Epstein, 1999). Heirich (1998) notes that it is vital that health care organizations rethink the health care delivery system in order to provide the innovation necessary to accommodate the rapidly changing world economy and global health care environment. Old formulas for funding health care no longer work; health care costs continue to rise. Many organizations are focusing on cost control, which may include budget shortfalls when it comes to compensating nursing staff. More and more however health care organizations are also realizing the need to focus on adequate compensation and attention to nurses and nursing shortages. New business and health coalitions are forming in major metropolitan areas to help control costs and also attract more qualified personnel, stimulating physicians and nurses as well as other providers to work together to improve service delivery in light of new health care challenges (Heirich, 1998). Future of Workforce Design and Organization As health care organizations are changing in response to chronic nursing shortages so too are organizations re-evaluating workforce designs and organizational development within the health care setting. More and more the emphasis within the health care community and organization has been creating more flat organizational structures and global enterprises that encourage cross collaboration or multi-disciplinary approaches to health care delivery (Heirich, 1998). Chronic labor shortages of nurses in the global workplace have encouraged healthcare organizations to adopt new strategies for attracting qualified personnel. In Britain for example, long standing labor shortages among nurses has resulted in dire efforts to recruit migrant nurses from other countries (McGann & Mortimer, 2004). Other organization's including the Illinois State Association are considering recognizing various grades of nurses, including nurses with twelve months vs. urses with twenty seven or more months of training, in an effort to provide more and lower cost nursing care for patients (McGann & Mortimer, 2004). Nursing workforce design is increasingly taking on an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach, with more nurses and health care staff trained in a diverse array of services (Clark & Drinka, 2000). More health care systems are developing teams that consist of a nurse, doctor, nurse practitioner, social worker and other community members that provide a mix of services to patients (Clark & Drinka, 2000). Such efforts may help relieve some of the burden associated with nursing shortages while still ensuring that patients are cared for and offered the highest quality services possible in the health care setting. Health care organizations are also working to involve nursing staff more in decision making processes in an attempt to increase job satisfaction and promote reduced turn over and greater loyalty among qualified staff, as many nursing shortages have been attributed to overworked nurses and lack of job satisfaction (Clark & Drinka, 2000). More and more workforces are designing systems that allow nurse practitioners to provide feedback and work in an environment that is more supportive even in light of chronic over scheduling or nursing shortages. Impact Nursing Shortage on Education and Training Educational facilities are increasingly realizing the need to cross train staff to work in a variety of settings to cope with nursing shortages. Additionally more and more educational institutions are promoting team building skills training to promote greater collaboration among nurses and among other health care professionals. The chronic global nursing shortage has affected the future of nursing education, encouraging more training program development with emphasis on training nurses in other skill areas including stress management to cope with increasing burdens associated with under staffing and increasing job demands (McGann & Mortimer, 2004). Mosley (1998) suggests that the health care delivery and training model is shifting to move from more individual patient care to care in an integrated environment or system that affords a continuum of services . In this environment accountability for the health and well being of patients moves from a single nurse or care provider to multiple members of the health care team. This wellness model is increasingly promoted in educational facilities where potential health care providers and nurse trainees are taught to include community organizations, family, physicians and individuals as part of the health care team working to promote the health and well being of patients. The new model for educating nurses includes more diversity training so nurses are capable of working with diverse patients from diverse backgrounds (Clark & Drinka, 2000). It also includes an interdisciplinary approach to training that cross-trains nurses and other health care staff members to work in various settings and under dynamic conditions. Despite these efforts chronic shortages still exist with regard to attracting and retaining competent staff. Many educational facilities are realizing decreased enrollment in nursing programs, in part because many perceive the field of nursing to be one that is over taxing (Clark & Drinka, 2000). Educators will have to work diligently at highlighting programs that provide potential nursing students with the skills necessary to face the new challenges associated with working in a global nursing environment.

Racism in the US essays

Racism in the US essays Racism is described as the belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others, or, discrimination or prejudice based on race. Racism is something that is present, and apparent throughout the world. Everywhere we look in the world, we can see racism create major social problems, and even send entire countries into war. Racism is an issue that, if untreated will create, and continue to create major social problems in the United States. Racism, in its major form, began in the United States in about 1618, when the first slaves were brought to the United States to work, unpaid, for their white owners. From the time the Africans were in the custody of Americans, they were not treated as humans, but as property. Slavery in the United States continued for many years, until 1862, when President Abraham Lincoln delivered his Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all slaves. This did not end the problem of racism against African Americans. After this time, the United States saw much hate, and many hate crimes against African Americans. This was apparent in the 1950s 19670s when desegregation was taking place in the United States. This hate was evident with in the KKK, and the many hate crimes and protests that took place in the United States. Even since then, with a completely desegregated society, the United States still sees an incredible amount of racism against blacks. African Americans are not the only group who experience racism in the United States. Almost every group in the United States that can be classified experiences racism in some form. Mexicans and Asians are often victims if hate crimes based on nothing other than race. Although African Americans, Asians, and Mexicans are among the most discriminated against in the United States, racism does not have to be based on race, but can be based on things such as social status or sexual preferen...

Wounded Knee Massacre Essay Example

Wounded Knee Massacre Essay Example Wounded Knee Massacre Essay Wounded Knee Massacre Essay â€Å"Wounded Knee Massacre† Melinda Belcher May 2, 2010 In 1848 a series of gold and silver discoveries signaled the first serious interest by white settlers in the arid and semiarid lands beyond the Mississippi, where many Indian nations had been forced to migrate. To open more land, federal officials introduced in 1851 a policy of â€Å"concentration. † Tribes were pressured into signing treaties limiting the boundaries of their hunting grounds to â€Å"reservations† The Sioux tribe was limited to the Dakotas. The treaties that claimed the Indians provisions would not follow through; land hungry pioneers broke promises of the government by squatting on Indian lands and then demanded federal protection. The government in turn forced more restrictions on the Indians. This cycle of broken promises was repeated until a full-scale war between whites and Indians raged in the west. (U. S. A Narrative History, 2009) By the mid-1880’s there were some 180 reservations in the west, containing approximately 240,000 American Indians. Among the last to be confined were the Sioux, who fought fiercely to keep their freedom. Nevertheless, a treaty in 1889 created six small reservations in the Dakotas: Pine Ridge, Rosebud, Cheyenne River, Crow Creek, Lower Brule, and Standing Rock. The Sioux tribe suffered crop failures in the summers of 1889 and 1890. White settlers were killing all the bison, plus epidemic of sickness, brought bitterness and poverty to the Sioux, who were ripe for any vision promising them relief. (U. S. A Narrative History, 2009) (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) In 1890 a religious revival spread when word came from the Nevada desert that a humble Paiute named Wovoka had received revelations from the Great Spirit. Wovoka preached that if his followers adopted his mystical rituals and lived together in love and harmony, the Indian dead would rise, whites would be driven from the land, and game would be thick again. As the rituals spread, alarmed settlers called the shuffling and chanting the â€Å"Ghost Dance†. Soon delegates from many tribes traveled to visit Wovoka, several Sioux among them. Prominent were Chief Kicking Bear and his brother-in-law, Short Bull; enamored of the Ghost Dance, they brought the new religion to Rosebud, Pine Ridge, and Standing Rock. (U. S. A Narrative History, 2009) (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) Although the Ghost Dance was performed peacefully by most tribes, among the Sioux it became a rallying cry against the whites. Kicking Bear and Short Bull argued that their people had to assist the Great Spirit in regaining their freedom. A holy shirt was invented, a â€Å"ghost shirt† painted with sacred, magic symbols. It was believed that not even bullets could harm a person wearing such a shirt. The Ghost Dance dominated life on the Sioux reservations, greatly disturbing the government agents. There was little or no understanding of the ritual’s meaning, and agitated agents and military officers were alarmed at what they perceived to be a â€Å"war dance†. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) (U. S. A Narrative History, 2009) In December of 1890 in Standing Rock, the army had suspicions of a Sioux holy man and staunch champion to be behind the Ghost Dance frenzy. The man they suspected was Sitting Bull, the army attempted to arrest Sitting Bull, during the arrest Sitting Bull was killed. His death increased tensions between Indians and soldiers. Hundreds of Sioux fled Standing Rock, many seeking refuge with Chief Red Cloud at Pine Ridge or with Chief Big Foot (also known as Spotted Elk) at Cheyenne River. Both chiefs were traditionalists, though Big Foot had been the earliest in accepting the Ghost Dance. Trying to preserve peace, Red Cloud invited Big Foot and his band to Pine Ridge, a move heartily desired army and the Indian Bureau as well. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) Big Foot led his people toward Pine Ridge, setting out on December 23, 1890. Their movements were tracked by the army, fearful of treachery. On December 28, only 20 miles from Pine Ridge, a squadron of Seventh Cavalry, Custer’s former command, intercepted the band. Big Foot, ill with pneumonia, persuaded Major Samuel M. Whiteside, in command, that he and his people would come peacefully. That night Indians and soldiers camped together beside Wounded Knee Creek. Accounts list 350 Indians, 230 of them women and children, while the Seventh Cavalry counted 500 men. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) On the day of December 29, 1890, Colonel James W. Forsyth took command, he ordered his men surround the Indian camp; Hotchkiss guns were posted overlooking the whole camp. Forsyth ordered Big Foot and other leaders to confer with him. He announced that he wanted to disarm all the Indians and he would be sending soldiers into the tipis, searching for weapons. Yellow Bird, a medicine man urged resistance, assuring his people they could not be harmed while wearing their ghost shirts. Black Coyote, said by some Indian witnesses to be deaf, refused to surrender his Winchester rifle; in the struggle, the gun went off. Both sides began firing, and indiscriminate killing followed. Most of the Indians had been unarmed at the time of the attack. Firing fifty rounds a minute, the Hotchkiss guns devastated the Indian camp. Women and children were slaughtered along with the men, few escaping. The fighting lasted less an hour, but Big Foot and more than half of his people were dead. The army’s loses were only around twenty-five, Surviving Indians were loaded into wagons and taken to Pine Ridge, while some were admitted to a military hospital most were taken to the floors of a Episcopal church. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) The nationwide reaction to the Wounded Knee massacre was split; some people praised the soldiers, others condemned them. In actuality, neither side seems to have plotted the battle or been able to foretell the tragedy. Mutual fear and suspicion were among the underlying causes of the event. Sioux holy man Black Elk was at Pine Ridge when the massacre occurred. After the fighting ended, he went to Wounded Knee. When he saw the many corpses, he recognized in them the â€Å"killing of a dream. † It was the end of Indian armed resistance to the United States as well as the end of the Ghost Dance and its promise of a new world. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) Bibliography James Davidson, B. D. (2009). U. S. A Narrative History. New York: McGraw Hill Comapanies Inc. Stanley I. Kutler, E. (2003). Dictionary of American History, Third Edition. New York: The Gale Group, Inc.

Nurses' Responsibility During an Emergency Situation Essay

Nurses' Responsibility During an Emergency Situation - Essay Example Their work outside the hospital includes providing water, food and sanitation services as well and communicating the health implications and needs to the people affected (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2008). This paper looks at what the public nurse work involves when a disaster such as a typhoon hits a populated area. Hospitals When a typhoon hits an area and causes physical injuries and death, hospitals normally find themselves overwhelmed by the number of patients that have to be attended to. Most disasters that involve water, like typhoons are significant due to the levels of damage and mortality involved (Adelman and Legg, 2009). Typhoons may cause people to get injured due to the structural damage that it causes. Those injured may have inside buildings that came down when the typhoon struck. Others might have been driving and their vehicles crushed as a result of the disaster. Others may have been injured trying to escape from the ensuing floods and destruction. Typhoons may also cau se environmental imbalances which may in turn increase the risk of environmental hazards and communicable diseases. The likelihood of diseases such as typhoid and cholera is very high when a disaster such as this occurs (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2008). Hospitals must always be ready to handle such emergency situations that arise from natural or man made disasters. ... It is the duty of nurses to ensure that the loss of life due to injuries is kept at a minimal level (Carmona, 2010). The nurses should coordinate with other hospital staff to ensure that doctors attend to those who are seriously injured as fast as possible. The nurses should also work with doctors in the Intensive Care Unit and emergency centers to ensure that there is enough equipment and medical material to take care of patients (Gebbie and Qureshi, 2002). If there is need to get outside help, the nurses have the responsibility of ensuring that there is proper coordination of activities so that patients can be given the attention they need. The nurses working in hospitals during emergency situations should ensure that all facilities available are well utilized to help save lives (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2008). Water When a typhoon occurs, there is normally water everywhere, making it hard for people to get clean water. In the nursing context, it is the duty of the public health nur se to ensure that people affected by a typhoon or any other disaster for that matter get clean water, especially for drinking and cooking. Nurses should work hand in hand with other emergency agencies and organizations to ensure that everyone has access to clean water, especially for drinking (Adelman and Legg, 2009). By providing clean drinking water to the community affected by a typhoon, or any other disaster for that matter, he nurses would be fulfilling theory part of their role of providing basic care and life requirements. Water should be made available to everyone who has been affected by a disaster. In the case of a typhoon, it is very difficult to

The impact of University Center Cesar Ritz students expenditure on the Essay

The impact of University Center Cesar Ritz students expenditure on the local community of Brig - Essay Example This mini â€Å"United Nations" truly represents the international aspect of the hospitality industry. The faculty and staff of UCCR are here to assist the students and guide them to achieve academic excellence. This environment may also help the educators in hospitality management to enhance their professional abilities and knowledge to guide and educate future professionals â€Å"who are mentally equipped to face current and future challenges with regards to the internationalization of hotels† (Velo & Mittaz, abstract, 2006). In turn, they aid the students by giving them the capital to implement transformational leadership methods and techniques to face the new challenges (Gil, Flaschner & Shachar, abstract, 2006). Unlike other hotel schools, UCCR focuses on the management aspects of the hotel & tourism industry, and prepares the students for supervisory and managerial positions. It is an objective, which Ricci and Tesone (2006) describe in their abstract as the importance of certain knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes, as well as their competencies. University Center Cesar Ritz was originally founded in Switzerland in 1982 under the name Hotelconsult SHCC, which represented a hotel chain management. By 1986, after the death of Cesar, under the management of his wife, the Hotelconsult, transformed the hotel into Cesar Ritz Foundation which operates and manages a chain Ritz hotel and an education institution to teach young people the hospitality management and trade. The name Cesar Ritz was adopted as a legacy of one of the founders of the hotel industry and the owner of the Hotelconsult SHCC. In the section of â€Å"Founders of the Hotel Industry,† Cesar Ritz is described as â€Å"a hotelier at the Grand National Hotel in Lucerne, Switzerland. Because of his management abilities, â€Å"the hotel became one of the most popular in Europe and Cesar Ritz

Western civilization.The political theory of John Locke and Jean Essay

Western civilization.The political theory of John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau - Essay Example This is a study about the political theory of John Locke and the political theory of Jean Jacques Rousseau. In addition, the study will highlight and discuss how the thinking of Locke and Rousseau fit into the period of Enlightenment. The study will start with a discussion of the political theory of Locke, followed by a discussion of Rousseau’s political theory, and then end with how their thinking fits into the period of enlightenment. The political theory of John Locke John Locke can be regarded as one of the founding fathers of liberal philosophy, which lays emphasis on limited government and individual rights. In his arguments about the state of nature, Locke noted that nature is characterized by scarcity of things to eat or wear. Therefore, human beings must work extremely hard to get food to eat and other necessities. Two things happen as a result of this hard work; first, a person survives. Secondly, a person creates property by mixing labor with the natural resources t o create food, shelter, and cloth (Bode 4). Locke argued that problems might arise with property since it can be detached from the individual. In the state of nature, many people may be willing to solve the problem of scarcity by snatching a person’s property. Through this struggle, the idea of government comes into being. Locke hypothesized that men entered the society with the ultimate aim of preserving their property. People sacrifice their freedom in the state of nature and join others in a protective government... God does not choose kings; people invent kings to protect property. On the limitations of government, people have the authority to replace leaders if they fail to perform their duties as expected (Bode 6). The political theory of Jean Jacques Rousseau Jean Rousseau can be regarded as a significant figure in the development of philosophical thought in the eighteenth century. He was one of the scholars who developed the political theory, which would later influence the age of revolutions, especially the French and American Revolutions. On the nature and society, Rousseau noted that man’s natural state could be more preferred than the civil or social state. In his Discourse on equality, Rousseau argues that man tends to appear as the solitary salvage and lives a carefree life (Qvortrup 76). In his classical work on political theory, The Social Contract (1762), Jean notes that ‘Man was born free, but is everywhere in chains’. This expressed his belief that the society has corrupted man. He argues that people recognize a general will, which is collective (Qvortrup 78). This general will should represent the common good or the interest of the public. All citizens should take part and show commitment to the general good. This should happen even if it means that people should act against their personal or private interests. For example, people may support a political party that proposes to impose heavy taxes if they have high income. This would not hurt as the taxation will bring considerable benefits to all persons. To Rousseau, therefore, a loyal citizen should not put their private interests first. He argued that when people do not put their personal interests first, equality and

International human resources Essay Example for Free

International human resources Essay It is the biggest challenge of companies today to maintain and attract best employees thus the realization in holding trainings and conferences for top executives to level officers is exceedingly in demand. Initiating strategies and solutions regarding employee retention and human resource management keep on going to minimize costs and money. There are many promising solutions in going through a lot of obstacles in human resource recruitment. We may start on some questions that would spark a new beginning: are the employees are given the chance to speak? Are new ideas accepted? Are benefits really beneficial to employees? Does the employees’ opinion count? Are works valued, evaluated and rewarded on their performance? This are simple questions that has an impact to the existing problems in many companies, regardless of size, incorporating other issues like repatriation, better opportunities, poor treatment, differences in culture and disagreement on the direction of the company, lack of recognition, indefinite growth prospects and poor relationship among co-workers. Keeping people and maintaining them for a longer period of time is the most difficult and challenging tasks for all human resources managers nowadays, hopefully, we will answer possible keys and solutions to these burning questions throughout the discussion. Why are people leaving from one company to another? A wide variety of reasons why are people leaving their jobs to find new companies includes: expectations were not satisfactorily fulfilled, unsuitable for the role, do not fit with the company’s culture, insufficient opportunities for growth and development, inadequate acknowledgment and admiration, problems with a manager or supervisor, not satisfied with the compensation, stress, lack of work and life balance, and lack of confidence in the company and leadership (Meyers). According to Susan Heathfield (Heathfield, 2007), most employees are leaving their work for reasons of searching new opportunities with other companies. Three top reasons were identified by Heathfield: fifty three percent of employees look for better rewards and benefits, thirty five percent were discontented with prospects of career growth and development, and thirty two percent were ready for a new experience and new environment. The motivating factors that can enhance the continuous stay of employees were examined by Bob Losyk on his article, here are the different factors that he stated: dignity and respect, involvement and participation, pay above the industry average, showcase superior workers, and by showing support to employees (Losyk). Giving dignity and respect is one of the most important key elements in satisfying the employees, harsh words, shouting, insults, and abuse of power will only result to demoralization, low morale, increase possibilities of absenteeism, and in turn resignation. Losyk added that employers should be treated with high respect, worth and goodness, let them relax, be independent and empowered. Do not crash on people who make mistakes instead make it more constructive and let them learn from it. Involvement and participation is also a significant factor in dealing with employees’ motivation to stay in the company, by listening to their suggestions, aspirations, and ideas can make them more involved and active much as with belongingness and partnership. Paying above the industry average will surely and literally compensate the best employee thus giving and making more money for you. Great employees should be compensated for what they gave back to the company and it should not be as simple as paying back but to reward and constantly recognize their efforts. For sure, companies who have the best employees will have more satisfied clients because of the excellent services they receive and in return a greater chance of repeat business will likely to come. Another tip from Losyk is to highlight and draw attention to outstanding employees by giving awards, certificates, extra remuneration, dinners as well as posting their photos on bulletin boards or company newsletters. To share and show support, to listen and know their personal and family problems can be a key factor for lasting relationship with employees. It will create a positive and motivating atmosphere resulting to a more productive and high-quality employees (Losyk). Increasing demand for immigrant workforce and opportunities abroad: The increasing demand of hiring cross-cultural workforce is a global necessity to respond the needs internationally. But because of the terms and conditions in hiring immigrants, it is very difficult to establish a worthy and constant employee for a particular business due to numerous alternative employment with other companies. To better understand the recruitment, hiring and retaining the best employees especially the immigrants and ethnic workers, it is important that we should consider the culture, traditions, and beliefs, know the different ethnic lifestyles and values, appreciate the impact that the immigrant workforce is influencing the management, and study the fabrications on recruitment of diverse ethnic groups. In addition to Losyk’s article, he stressed that it is significant that companies must understand the needs and desires most Hispanic and Asian workers want from a workplace, discover how to give comment to immigrant employees, determine the critical factors needed to train Asian, Hispanic and other cross-cultural groups, and create management techniques that can work and understand the involvement and recognition with the ethnic groups (Losyk). Further problems encountered by other employers is when their employees who are assigned to work overseas over a period of time will transfer to another companies in a few months to seek greener pastures. These are real and actual happenings in most development organizations when workers or volunteers enter into a contract to gain experience overseas and marked it as a stepping stone to find great opportunities abroad. How can companies and organizations struggle to this concurrent problem? Is this just a cycle to be left out and find new workers to continue the job? Are there any other holistic means that we can manage to surpass this continuing global recruitment problem?

Physics Of Bowling Essay -- Physics Bowling Science Essays

Physics Of Bowling The one thing that interests me is bowling. I have been playing all my life and after a whole semester and a half of being in Mr. Fetter’s class, I realized that everything has physics in it. One night after going bowling with my girlfriend(s) I wondered why when I hit the first pin, only seven went down and thus I lost the game. So, I got on the Internet and found a lot of articles and web sites talking about the physics of bowling. A lot of the web sites were brief descriptions. A guy named Paul Durbin wrote many articles on physics. One of his articles he discussed was about bowling. He mentioned one thing we already went over this semester in physics class. But it seems to me that he neglected to mention other forces the play a big role in bowling and the physics behind it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Durbin said â€Å"In order to accelerate, you need a net force. As soon as I let go of the bowling ball, it’s accelerating. As soon as your fingers are out of the holes, the ball is at its highest point of acceleration (p.2).† According to the author, gravity is the net force acting upon an object, which means it is accelerating. The swinging of my arm (back the forward) being the net force. When my fingers leave the hole, it’s accelerating. Now, how fast it goes is determined on how fast you swing your arm and let go. Now that’s all Durbin basically said on bowling. But I realized that Newton’s Laws, momentum, kinetic and potential energy all have their role in bowling too. Durbin was correct when he explained acceleration. Let me tell you a little something on acceleration. Acceleration is the rate at which the velocity is changing. Because acceleration is a rate, it is measured of how fast the velocity is changing with respect to time of course. The key idea that defines acceleration is change. Whenever we change our state of motion, we are accelerating. A bowling ball that can accelerate fast has the ability to change its velocity pretty fast. A bowling ball that can go from zero to 5 mph in .5 seconds has a greater acceleration than another ball let go by another player that can go from zero to 7 mph in 1 second. (We learned about this in class). So having a high acceleration is being quick to change and not always fast. Acceleration applies to changes in direction as well as changes in speed. When you let go of the bowling ball at a constant speed o... ...t the total amount of energy never changes. Let’s assume that the cue ball has 10J of PE. As it’s hit, PE is at its highest (10J). When the ball is going down the alley, the sum of the ball’s PE and KE remains constant at successive positions  ¼,  ½,  ¾, and all the way down. (This I also read ahead and found in the book). As soon as the ball has reached its highest point, PE and KE are equal (5J), and on the way down KE increases as PE decreases. When the ball lands, KE is 10J and PE is 0. Law of Conservation of Momentum:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the absence of an external force, the momentum of a system remains unchanged. When you hit the cue ball, you have a natural follow through. When you apply that torque (extending the elbow), your momentum changes. You can see that if no net force or impulse acts on a system, then the momentum of that system cannot change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some of things mentioned, are things we know that happen, but we don't know why, and usually never wonder why, but for all things, there are explanations, which some of the secrets of mother nature were revealed here. Just remember that there are physics behind whatever you do or see including bowling with your girlfriend(s).